Table 2.
Baseline food, energy and nutrient consumption in incident cases of diabetes and controls
|
VARIABLES |
TOTAL n = 1073 |
p |
FIRST TERTILE |
SECOND TERTILE |
THIRD TERTILE |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NON INCIDENT n = 942 (87.8%) |
INCIDENT DIABETICS n = 131 (12.2%) |
NON INCIDENT n = 324 (90.8%) |
INCIDENT DIABETICS n = 33 (9.2%) |
NON INCIDENT n = 310 (86.6%) |
INCIDENT DIABETICS n = 48 (13.4%) |
NON INCIDENT n = 358 (86.0%) |
INCIDENT DIABETICS n = 50 (14.0%) |
||
| Heme iron (mg/day) |
3.7 ± 1.19 |
3.9 ± 1.3 |
0.036 |
2.5 ± 0.3 |
2.6 ± 0,4 |
3.6 ± 0.3 |
3.7 ± 0.3 |
5.1 ± 0.9 |
5.1 ± 1.2 |
| Non-heme iron (mg/day) |
12.0 ± 3.23 |
11.8 ± 3.4 |
0.538 |
11.1 ± 3.0 |
10.3 ± 2.7 |
11.9 ± 2.8 |
12.0 ± 3.6 |
13.2 ± 3.5 |
12.8 ± 3.4 |
| Iron (mg/day) |
15.7 ± 3.80 |
15.8 ± 4.0 |
0.886 |
13.6 ± 3.1 |
12.8 ± 2.8 |
15.5 ± 2.9 |
15.7 ± 3.6 |
18.2 ± 3.9 |
17.9 ± 3.8 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) |
170.5 ± 69.56 |
165.0 ± 58.1 |
0.394 |
153.5 ± 62.9 |
140.6 ± 64.9 |
175.2 ± 68.9 |
161.6 ± 53.2 |
183.6 ± 73.4 |
184.5 ± 52.0 |
| Calcium (mg/day) |
978.6 ± 328.73 |
963.5 ± 368.6 |
0.628 |
853.7 ± 289.7 |
820.4 ± 246.6 |
997.5 ± 309.9 |
927.6 ± 313.9 |
1091.0 ± 341.7 |
1092.4 ± 440.6 |
| Fiber (g/day) |
23.0 ± 6.74 |
22.2 ± 6.7 |
0.189 |
21.9 ± 6.6 |
20.5 ± 7.3 |
22.8 ± 5.9 |
21.9 ± 6.1 |
24.4 ± 7.4 |
23.6 ± 6.8 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) |
241.1 ± 72.28 |
228.3 ± 79.8 |
0.062 |
222.5 ± 70.5 |
188.2 ± 47.9 |
238.2 ± 63.5 |
233.3 ± 79.8 |
263.4 ± 76.5 |
250.0 ± 87.7 |
| Protein (g/day) |
90.1 ± 19.76 |
90.8 ± 19.5 |
0.687 |
75.0 ± 14.0 |
73.3 ± 9.9 |
89.2 ± 12.4 |
89.77 ± 13.6 |
106.9 ± 17.7 |
103.4 ± 20.1 |
| Total fat (g/day) |
102.7 ± 27.02 |
104.5 ± 28.1 |
0.482 |
89.5 ± 22.3 |
89.0 ± 26.4 |
102.3 ± 22.1 |
103.8 ± 27.0 |
117.4 ± 28.7 |
115.4 ± 25.8 |
| Total energy (Kcal/day) |
2 328.5 ± 553.55 |
2 322.9 ± 607.0 |
0.916 |
2059.3 ± 484.7 |
1912 ± 362.9 |
2305.5 ± 446.8 |
2344.6 ± 610.3 |
2634.8 ± 76.5 |
2573.4 ± 596.9 |
| Dairy (g/day) |
369.6 ± 212.0 |
351.1 ± 233.2 |
0.357 |
342.5 ± 201.8 |
344.2 ± 184.1 |
382.5 ± 209.8 |
335.1 ± 200.4 |
385.1 ± 222.4 |
371.1 ± 288.1 |
| Meat, fish and eggs (g/day) |
231.4 ± 67.1 |
237.7 ± 60.4 |
0.303 |
177.2 ± 41.1 |
181.4 ± 37.7 |
229.1 ± 41.9 |
238.0 ± 40.3 |
290.6 ± 60.3 |
237.7 ± 60.4 |
| Cereals, legumes & nuts (g/day) |
196.5 ± 91.2 |
196.1 ± 101.0 |
0.961 |
185.3 ± 90.7 |
164.9 ± 60.2 |
188.6 ± 82.2 |
199.5 ± 109.1 |
216.4 ± 97.1 |
213.5 ± 110.9 |
| Vegetables (g/day) |
279.6 ± 108.8 |
276.3 ± 105.1 |
0.741 |
254.3 ± 96.6 |
243.6 ±105.8 |
277.9 ± 103.5 |
250.0 ± 97.3 |
308.2 ± 119.1 |
323.2 ± 96.3 |
| Fruits (g/day) |
352.9 ± 181.3 |
315.4 ± 150.8 |
0.010 |
328.8 ± 170.6 |
278.8 ± 177.2 |
373.1 ± 186.1 |
329.5 ± 135.8 |
357.8 ± 185.0 |
326.0 ± 144.8 |
| Oils & fats (g/day) |
57.9 ± 22.0 |
60.5 ± 25.0 |
0.220 |
53.0 ± 19.9 |
52.5 ± 19.3 |
57.5 ± 21.0 |
62.4 ± 29.9 |
63.6 ± 23.8 |
63.9 ± 22.4 |
| Alcoholic beverages (cc/day) |
128.5 ± 190.9 |
17.0 ± 287.4 |
0.087 |
106.5 ± 185.2 |
91.1 ± 151.2 |
132.1 ± 210.3 |
174.4 ± 221.3 |
147.9 ± 173.7 |
225.7 ± 387.2 |
| Coffee (cc/day) |
31.5 ± 47.5 |
20.5 ± 32.9 |
0.001 |
27.2 ± 46.1 |
16.0 ± 33.4 |
31.4 ± 43.8 |
20.6 ± 31.5 |
36.0 ± 52.2 |
23.4 ± 34.3 |
| Tea (cc/day) | 5.3 ± 23,1 | 4.5 ± 13.2 | 0.720 | 4.6 ± 25.6 | 3.0 ± 10.9 | 5.8 ± 24.3 | 5.1 ± 14.1 | 5.4 ± 23.1 | 4.9 ± 13.2 |
Results expressed as mean ± standard deviation.