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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Jun 20;13(7):533–548. doi: 10.1038/nrd4334

Figure 3. Biosynthetic pathways of PRLMs resolvins and protectin and mechanisms of actions of protectin D1.

Figure 3

(a) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) are derived from dietary essentially fat which is enriched in fish oil. Resolvins (RvD1, RvD2) and protectin D1 (PD1, also known as neuroprotectin D1) are derived from DHA, whereas RvE1 is derived from EPA. Distinct synthetic enzymes, including COX-2, cytochrome P450, and 5- and 15-lipoxygenase (5-LOX and 12-LOX) are responsible for the biosynthesis of the PRLMs. (b) Structure and mechanisms of actions of PD1. Note that PD1 acts on immune and glial cells to control neuroinflammation as well as on neurons and synapses to normalize synaptic and neuronal plasticity.