Table 2.
Biochemistry values of control group and rats treated with C. papaya leaf extract measured during the subchronic toxicity study.
| Male rats | Control | 0.01 g/kg BW | 0.14 g/kg BW | 2 g/kg BW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver profile | ||||
| Total protein (g/L) | 57.22 ± 2.44 | 59.13 ± 4.76 | 59.11 ± 5.73 | 60.89 ± 8.18 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 27.51 ± 2.90 | 28.60 ± 2.70 | 32.32 ± 2.19* | 29.67 ± 1.75 |
| ALP (U/L) | 147.38 ± 33.20 | 173.13 ± 61.47 | 192.89 ± 60.99 | 218.22 ± 98.43 |
| AST (U/L) | 186.38 ± 28.16 | 166.63 ± 41.81 | 169.67 ± 37.53 | 158.22 ± 39.52 |
| ALT (U/L) | 49.50 ± 8.62 | 46.75 ± 7.17 | 61.22 ± 23.63 | 60.78 ± 29.82 |
| Renal profile | ||||
| Urea (mmol/L) | 6.75 ± 0.51 | 6.14 ± 1.12 | 6.73 ± 0.68 | 5.73 ± 1.22 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 56.25 ± 8.99 | 51.75 ± 7.13 | 49.89 ± 8.10 | 40.33 ± 16.38* |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 117.23 ± 50.93 | 81.53 ± 25.60 | 161.33 ± 98.28 | 95.80 ± 43.12 |
| Cardiac profile | ||||
| CK (U/L) | 1408.250 ± 534.91 | 1187.25 ± 208.64 | 1589.11 ± 588.53 | 1448.78 ± 478.84 |
| LDH (U/L) | 2014.67 ± 500.68 | 2187.38 ± 875.63 | 2706.00 ± 645.85 | 2952.78 ± 259.86* |
| HBDH (U/L) | 648.33 ± 119.92 | 612.63 ± 199.95 | 648.00 ± 161.63 | 589.00 ± 106.74 |
| Lipid profile | ||||
| Cholestrol (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 1.18 | 1.12 ± 0.53 | 1.21 ± 0.21 | 1.27 ± 0.28 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.97 ± 0.51 | 0.80 ± 0.30 | 1.27 ± 0.22 | 1.26 ± 0.31 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.97 ± 2.68 | 6.96 ± 2.01 | 10.31 ± 5.47 | 7.68 ± 2.84 |
|
| ||||
| Female rats | Control | 0.01 g/kg BW | 0.14 g/kg BW | 2 g/kg BW |
|
| ||||
| Liver profile | ||||
| Total protein (g/L) | 71.80 ± 4.10 | 71.33 ± 3.84 | 89.00 ± 18.18* | 87.33 ± 6.93* |
| Albumin (g/L) | 44.84 ± 2.54 | 44.43 ± 2.26 | 34.92 ± 5.08* | 32.58 ± 2.22* |
| ALP (U/L) | 119.20 ± 53.88 | 169.78 ± 80.00 | 70.30 ± 51.41 | 95.78 ± 40.09 |
| AST (U/L) | 274.20 ± 47.48 | 276.78 ± 83.09 | 268.80 ± 147.28 | 215.89 ± 72.40 |
| ALT (U/L) | 70.80 ± 18.50 | 85.89 ± 21.74 | 63.10 ± 33.51 | 52.33 ± 25.07 |
| Renal profile | ||||
| Urea (mmol/L) | 9.21 ± 1.45 | 8.78 ± 1.00 | 7.51 ± 2.11 | 7.38 ± 2.13 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 78.56 ± 10.76 | 83.56 ± 14.04 | 69.70 ± 14.09 | 57.67 ± 8.20* |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 277.52 ± 119.04 | 440.73 ± 185.39 | 359.33 ± 195.94 | 247.36 ± 97.58 |
| Cardiac profile | ||||
| CK (U/L) | 1675.89 ± 364.79 | 1514.75 ± 517.94 | 1530.30 ± 671.40 | 1739.11 ± 1163.74 |
| LDH (U/L) | 1481.50 ± 871.06 | 2265.50 ± 852.88 | 1561.70 ± 593.89 | 1683.11 ± 668.59 |
| HBDH (U/L) | 1027.78 ± 302.57 | 867.00 ± 171.88 | 888.50 ± 123.73 | 817.25 ± 148.18 |
| Lipid profile | ||||
| Cholestrol (mmol/L) | 1.62 ± 0.23 | 1.56 ± 0.23 | 1.79 ± 0.41 | 1.57 ± 0.29 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 1.47 ± 0.36 | 1.43 ± 0.26 | 1.48 ± 0.15 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.88 ± 5.92 | 15.17 ± 5.62* | 9.24 ± 3.04 | 6.85 ± 1.73 |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 10/group). ALP: alkaline phosphatase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, CK: creatinine kinase, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, and HBDH: α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. ∗ P value less than 0.05 (P < 0.05), significant value.