Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 2857 MACS participantsa
| HIV-uninfected (n = 1500) | HIV-infected (n = 1357) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 46 (40–53) | 43 (37–49) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| Caucasian | 1019 (68) | 737 (54) |
| African American | 334 (22) | 400 (30) |
| Hispanic or other race | 147 (10) | 220 (16) |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| college degree or above | 852 (57) | 569 (42) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 26 (23–29) | 25 (23–27) |
| Current diabetes, n (%)b | 75 (5) | 102 (8) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 90 (82–98) | 91 (83–99) |
| HbA1c, (%), median (IQR) | 5.2 (4.9–5.5) | 5.0 (4.6–5.4) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 15 (14.4–15.7) | 14.7 (13.9–15.6) |
| MCV (fL), median (IQR) | 91 (88–94) | 100 (91–111) |
| MCH (pg), median (IQR) | 31 (30–32) | 34 (31–38) |
| CD4 cell count (cells/mm3), median (IQR) | — | 486 (320–679) |
| ART treated, with HIV RNA <400 copies/mL, n (%) | — | 770 (76%) |
| HCV infected, n (%)c | 73 (5) | 148 (11) |
| HBV infected, n (%)d | 31 (2) | 88 (7) |
| Treatment exposure, n (%) | ||
| ART naive | 254 (19) | |
| past ART | 95 (7) | |
| current ART (in last 6 months) | — | 1008 (74) |
| PI-containing regimen (%) | — | 59 |
| NNRTI-containing regimen (%) | — | 47 |
| ZDV-containing regimen (%) | — | 41 |
| ABC-containing regimen (%) | — | 25 |
| 3TC-containing regimen (%) | — | 72 |
| TDF-containing regimen (%) | — | 18 |
ZDV, zidovudine; ABC, abacavir; 3TC, lamivudine; TDF, tenofovir.
aBaseline was the first visit with both fasting glucose and HbA1c data from visit 31 onwards.
bHistory of diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or (diagnosed with diabetes and use of medications) at any visit before or at baseline visit.
cHCV infection was defined as having a positive serum antibody to HCV or positive HCV RNA at baseline visit.
dHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was defined as having a positive serum HBV surface antigen test at the first visit or during MACS follow-up visits.