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. 2014 Nov 12;5:1301. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01301

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Copyright © 2014 Macpherson, Morita and Hikida.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of striatal-associated decision-making neurocircuitry. Striatonigral D1 direct pathway neurons inhibit the SNr and release inhibition of thalamic activity, promoting behavior. Whereas, striatonigral D2 indirect pathway neurons inhibit the GP, disinhibiting the STN and exciting the SNr, which ultimately inhibits the thalamus and thus suppresses behavior. The balance between these opposing projections is likely to be regulated by glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents, as well as GABAergic signaling within the striatum. DLS, Dorsolateral Striatum; DMS, Dorsomedial Striatum; GP, Globus Pallidus; NAc, Nucleus Accumbens; SNc, Substancia Nigra pars compacta; SNr, Substancia Nigra pars reticulata; STN, Subthalamic Nucleus; VTA, Ventral Tegmental Area.