Figure 1.

Overall approach to image-based modeling of cardiac electrophysiology. (A) The multiscale aspect of cardiac electrophysiological models. Passive electrical coupling of cardiac cells mediates the tissue-scale propagation of bioelectric impulses that originate at the membrane level (action potentials). ^*indicates representative points in ventricular and atrial tissue models. 3D geometrical models are reconstructed from images of a canine heart (left), as in Arevalo et al. (2013), and human patient atria (right), as in Krueger et al. (2011). (B) Schematics showing the orientation of myocardial fibers in the ventricular and atrial models. Left panel modified with permission from Arevalo et al. (2013).