Table 1.
Application of mcrA gene in studies related to biodigester and other natural anaerobic environments.
| Type of study | Primers/probes | Environment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phylogenetic relations | MCRf/MCRr* | Pure cultures | Springer et al. (1995) |
| Community composition | ME1/ME2* | Blanket peat bog | Hales et al. (1996) |
| Community composition | MCRf/MCRra ME1/ME2b |
Rice field soil | Lueders et al. (2001) |
| Community composition | ME1/ME2b | Oligotrophic fen | Galand et al. (2002) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrAR* | Landfill material | Luton et al. (2002) |
| Community composition | ME1/ME2b | Lake sediments | Earl et al. (2003) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Freshwaters marshes | Castro et al. (2004) |
| Community composition | MCRf/MCRra | Hydrothermal sediments | Dhillon et al. (2005) |
| Community composition | MCRf/MCRra ME1/MEr2b mcrAF/mcrARc |
Peatland soil | Juottonen et al. (2006) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc P23-2IAC* |
Animal feces | Ufnar et al. (2007b) |
| Community composition | MeA 1046f/MeA 1435r* | Biodigester | Bauer et al. (2008) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc ME1/ME2b |
Biodigester | Nettmann et al. (2008) |
| Community composition | ME1/ME2b MrtA_for/MrtA_rev* |
Human feces | Scanlan et al. (2008) |
| Community composition | ME1b,mcrAFc, mlas*/ mcrA-rev* | Acidic peat bog, Biodigester |
Steinberg and Regan (2008) |
| Community composition | MM_01_pSTC/MM_02* MM_Mbs_Fw/MM_Mbs_Rv* MMr_Mss_Fw/MMr_Mss_Rv* MM_Mx01_Fw/MM_Mx01_Rv* MM_Mx2_Fw/MM_Mx2_Rv* MM_Mx3_Fw /MM_Mx3_Rv* |
Human feces | Mihajlovski et al. (2010, 2008) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc ME3MFe/ME2b |
Marine sediments | Merkel et al. (2010) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Biodigester | Tale et al. (2011) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Biodigester | Zhu et al. (2011) |
| Community composition | MCRf/MCRra ME1/MEr2b mcrAF/mcrARc |
Biodigester | Ellis et al. (2012) |
| Community abundance | mlas/mcrA-revd | Biodigester | Traversi et al. (2012) |
| Community composition | MCRf/6-FAM-MCRra | Biodigester | Ma et al. (2013) |
| Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Rumen fluid | Sirohi et al. (2013) |
| Detection of methanogenic activity | mcrAF/mcrARc | Boreal mire | Juottonen et al. (2008) |
| Changes in community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Biodigester | Rastogi et al. (2008) |
| Changes in community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Biodigester | Cardinali-Rezende et al. (2009) |
| Changes in community composition | TET-mcrAF/mcrARc | Biodigester | Ács et al. (2013) |
| Quantification and community composition |
ME1b/M2b* SAE716TAQ* SAR716TAQ* MCU716TAQ* |
Biodigester | Shigematsu et al. (2004) |
| Quantification and composition of communities | mcrAF/mcrARc qmcrA-F/qmcra-R* |
Rumen fluid | Denman et al. (2007) |
| Community composition and transcript quantification | mcrAF/mcrARc qmcrA-F/qmcra-Rf |
Rumen fluid | Guo et al. (2008) |
| Quantification and community composition | ME3MF*/ME2b | Biodigester, Marine sediments |
Nunoura et al. (2008) |
| Quantification and composition of communities | mcrAF/mcrARc qmcrA-F/qmcrA-Rf |
Foregut of the Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) | Evans et al. (2009) |
| Quantification and community composition | mlas/mcrA-rev mbac-mcrA* mrtA* mcp* msp* MCR-7* MCR-2a* MCR-2b* fen* msar* msa* |
Biodigester Acidic peat incubations |
Steinberg and Regan (2009) |
| Quantification and changes in community composition | mlas/mcrA-rev mbac-mcrA mrtA mcp msp MCR-7 MCR-2a MCR-2b fen msar msa |
Biodigester | Steinberg and Regan (2011) |
| Quantification and community composition | mlas/mcrA-revd msarg, mrtAg, mcpg and msag |
Biodigester | Traversi et al. (2011) |
| Quantification and community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Biodigester | Kampmann et al. (2012) |
| Variations in transcripts and community composition | MCRf/MCRra mlas/mcrA-revd |
Rice field soil | Ma et al. (2012) |
| Quantification and Community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc qmcrA-F/qmcrA-Rf |
Feces of horse and pony | Lwin and Matsui (2014) |
| Transcript and gene copy number quantification | mcrAF/mcrARc | Peat soil | Freitag and Prosser (2009), Freitag et al. (2010) |
| Gene abundance | mcrAF/mcrARc | Rumen fluid | Li et al. (2012) |
| Transcript and gene copy number quantification | MeA 1046f/MeA 1435rh | Biodigester | Munk et al. (2012) |
| Gene copy number quantification | mlas/mcrA-revd | Cold desert soil | Aśchenbach et al. (2013) |
| Transcript and gene copy number quantification | qmcrA-Ff/ mcrA-revd | Biodigester Natural wetlands sediments Pure cultures |
Palacio-Molina et al. (2013) |
| Gene copy number quantification | mcrAF/mcrARc | Rice field soil | Pramanik and Kim (2013) |
| Variations in transcripts and community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Rice field soil | Watanabe et al. (2009) |
| Variations in transcripts and community composition | MCRf/MCRra | Rice field soil | Yuan et al. (2011) |
| Variations in transcripts and community composition | MCRf/MCRra mlas/mcrA-revd |
Biodigester | Zhang et al. (2014) |
| Transcript and gene copy number quantification, community composition | mcrAF/mcrARc | Bioreactors | Morris et al. (2014) |
*Primers or probes developed in same study.
aPrimers originally designed by Springer et al. (1995).
bPrimers originally designed by Hales et al. (1996).
cPrimers originally designed by Luton et al. (2002).
dPrimers originally designed by Steinberg and Regan (2008).
ePrimers originally designed by Nunoura et al. (2008).
fPrimers originally designed by Denman et al. (2007).
gprobes originally designed by Steinberg and Regan (2009).
hPrimers originally designed by Bauer et al. (2008).