Table 4.

Interactions between transporters and flavonoids

Transporters	Flavonoids as substrates	Flavonoids as modulators
		Inducer or activator	Inhibitor	No effect	Ref.
P-gp	Flavonoid aglycone	Catechin, epicatechin, grapefruit juice, quercetin and kaempherol (low concentration)	EGCG, quercetin kaempherol (high concentraion), chrysin, flavones, hesperetin, naringenin, genistein	Grapefruit juice, narigin, hesperidin, rutin	109–121
MRP2	Flavonoid glucuronides and sulfates	Chrysin	Genistein, kaempferol, flavopiridol, chrysin, quercetin, biochanin A, catechin, EGCG, quercetin-7-o-glucuronide	Genistin	125–131
BCRP	Flavonoid glucuronides and sulfates	Quercetin, chrysin and flavone	Chrysin, biochanin A, apigenin, genistein, fisetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin-4-glucoside, daidzein-7-glucuronide, daidzein-4-sulfate, daidzin, ononin, genistin, sissotrin, glycitin, coumestrin	Naringin and phloridzin	139–147
OATP		Rutin	Naringin, naringenin, quercetin, hesperidin, biochanin A, genistein, EGCG	Genistin and quercetin	149, 151, 153
OAT	Ellagic acid quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3′-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3′-O-sulfate		Ellagic acid, naringenin, morin, silybin, quercetin, quercetin-3-o-glucuronide, quercetin-3′-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3′-O-sulfate		156, 157, 148