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Ethanol metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster, showing the main enzymes catalyzing the first three steps. ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; ACS, acetyl-CoA synthetase. Although the product of the second step is usually referred to as acetate, the immediate product is the protonated acid. Modified from Geer et al. (Geer et al., 1993).
