Table 2.
Crude and covariate-adjusteda melanoma-specific survival Cox regression model results for demographic, pathologic and lifestyle variables
| Univariate Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
P value | Multivariablea Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Parameters | ||||
| Education level | ||||
| Some high school | 1.00 | 0.332 | 1.00 | 0.630 |
| High school diploma | 0.77 (0.42–1.41) | 1.03 (0.51–2.08) | ||
| Some college | 0.55 (0.29–1.07) | 0.71 (0.34–1.51) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.51 (0.24–1.07) | 0.66 (0.27–1.61) | ||
| Graduate degree | 0.71 (0.36–1.42) | 0.98 (0.44–2.17) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1.00 | 0.327 | 1.00 | 0.475 |
| Separated/divorced | 0.48 (0.15–1.53) | 0.74 (0.23–2.39) | ||
| Widowed | 1.15 (0.60–2.25) | 1.21 (0.59–2.47) | ||
| Never married | 1.39 (0.75–2.58) | 1.75 (0.84–3.65) | ||
| Hair color | ||||
| Brown or black | 1.00 | 0.012 | 1.00 | 0.048 |
| Blonde | 0.72 (0.43–1.19) | 0.63 (0.36–1.10) | ||
| Red | 0.57 (0.30–1.08) | 0.50 (0.25–0.99) | ||
| Eye color | ||||
| Brown or black | 1.00 | 0.298 | 1.00 | 0.634 |
| Blue or green | 1.32 (0.77–2.26) | 1.14 (0.65–2.03) | ||
| Pathologic Parameters | ||||
| Mitotic index | ||||
| 0 mitoses/mm2 | 1.00 | 0.054 | 1.00 | 0.991 |
| 1–6 mitoses/mm2 | 1.78 (0.56–5.72) | 1.09 (0.33–3.59) | ||
| More than 6 mitoses/mm2 | 2.71 (0.84–8.77) | 1.09 (0.31–3.85) | ||
| Anatomic Site | ||||
| Head and neck | 1.00 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 0.018 |
| Trunk | 0.52 (0.31–0.89) | 0.47 (0.26–0.84) | ||
| Upper extremities | 0.41 (0.19–0.87) | 0.37 (0.16–0.85) | ||
| Lower extremities | 0.33 (0.16–0.70) | 0.29 (0.13–0.69) | ||
| Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 0.051 | 1.00 | 0.111 |
| Non-brisk | 0.94 (0.62–1.44) | 0.93 (0.59–1.45) | ||
| Brisk | 0.34 (0.12–0.95) | 0.38 (0.13–1.07) | ||
| Histologic subtype | ||||
| Superficial spreading | 1.00 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.151 |
| Nodular | 2.08 (1.21–3.57) | 1.33 (0.73–2.44) | ||
| Lentigo maligna | 2.26 (1.11–4.60) | 1.87 (0.88–4.01) | ||
| Other | 2.61 (1.54–4.41) | 1.90 (1.04–3.48) | ||
| Solar elastosis | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 0.520 | 1.00 | 0.749 |
| Present | 1.17 (0.73–1.86) | 1.09 (0.65–1.82) | ||
| Regression | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 0.132 | 1.00 | 0.151 |
| Present | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | 0.71 (0.44–1.14) | ||
| Lifestyle Parameters | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||
| Less than 25.0 kg/m2 | 1.00 | 0.931 | 1.00 | 0.554 |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 1.09 (0.70–1.70) | 0.80 (0.49–1.33) | ||
| 30.0 kg/m2 or more | 1.02 (0.56–1.84) | 0.74 (0.40–1.37) | ||
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 0.104 | 1.00 | 0.251 |
| Former, ≤20 pack-years | 0.90 (0.49–1.67) | 0.85 (0.44–1.64) | ||
| Former, >20 pack-years | 1.04 (0.59–1.81) | 0.90 (0.49–1.64) | ||
| Current, ≤20 pack-years | 1.29 (0.59–2.80) | 1.41 (0.62–3.21) | ||
| Current, >20 pack-years | 2.31 (1.25–4.27) | 2.01 (0.99–4.07) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 0.202 | 1.00 | 0.327 |
| Less than 1 drink/week | 0.64 (0.36–1.14) | 0.59 (0.32–1.10) | ||
| 1–5 drinks/week | 0.94 (0.54–1.65) | 0.93 (0.51–1.70) | ||
| More than 5 drinks/week | 1.18 (0.65–2.15) | 0.90 (0.47–1.73) | ||
| Vitamin use at diagnosis | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 0.997 | 1.00 | 0.989 |
| Any | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) | 1.00 (0.65–1.55) | ||
| Fruit consumption at diagnosis | ||||
| Less than daily | 1.00 | 0.062 | 1.00 | 0.074 |
| At least daily | 0.67 (0.45–1.02) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | ||
| Green salad consumption at diagnosis | ||||
| Less than weekly | 1.00 | 0.485 | 1.00 | 0.583 |
| Weekly or more | 0.84 (0.52–1.37) | 0.87 (0.52–1.44) | ||
| Red meat consumption at diagnosis | ||||
| Less than weekly | 1.00 | 0.008 | 1.00 | 0.018 |
| Weekly or more | 1.97 (1.15–3.38) | 1.93 (1.08–3.45) | ||
| Fish consumption at diagnosis | ||||
| Less than weekly | 1.00 | 0.100 | 1.00 | 0.072 |
| Weekly or more | 0.70 (0.45–1.08) | 0.65 (0.40–1.05) |
a
Adjusted for Breslow thickness, age at diagnosis, sex, ulceration and microsatellitosis