Table 5.

Clinical and neuroimaging findings in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) with pediatric onset^a

HSP form	HSP type	Inheritance	Gene	Childhood onset	Disease characteristicsb	Neuroimaging findings (brain)
Pure	SPG3A	aut. dom	ATL1	+++	None	Normal
Pure	SPG4	aut. dom	SPAST	++	None	Leukoencephalopathy, thin corpus callosum
Pure	SPG6	aut. dom	NIPA1	+	None	Normal
Pure	SPG10	aut. dom	KIF5A	+++	Neuropathy	Normal
Pure	SPG12	aut. dom	RTN2	+++	None	Normal
Pure	SPG31	aut. dom	REEP1	++	None	Normal
Complicated	SPG1	X-linked	L1CAM	++	Intellectual disability, adducted thumb	Thin corpus callosum
Complicated	SPG2	X-linked	PLP1	+++	Intellectual disability, epilepsy	Normal
Complicated	SPG7	aut. rec.	SPG7	+	Optic atrophy, neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia	Cerebellar atrophy
Complicated	SPG11	aut. rec.	KIAA1840	+++	Intellectual disability, neuropathy	Leukoencephalopathy, thin corpus callosum
Complicated	SPG15	aut. rec.	ZFYVE26	+++	Intellectual disability, retinopathy, cerebellar ataxia	Leukoencephalopathy, thin corpus callosum
Complicated	SPG17	aut. rec.	BSCL2	+	Neuropathy	Normal

^aOnset before 18 years of age;

^bother than the classic HSP symptoms including spastic paraparesis, atrophy of the distal lower extremities and neurogenic bladder dysfunction; aut. dom., autosomal dominant; +, occasional; ++, common; +++, characteristic