Table 1.

Vasodilating and vasoconstricting forces involved in disturbed haemodynamics in cirrhosis (Alphabetic order)

Vasodilator systems

Adenosine

Adrenomedullin

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Bradykinin

Brain natriuretic peptide

Calcitonin gene-related peptide

Carbon monoxide

Endocannabinoids

Endothelin-3

Endotoxin

Enkephalins

Glucagon

Histamine

Hydrogen sulphide

Interleukins

Natriuretic peptide of type C

Nitric oxide

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Substance P

Tumour necrosis factor-α

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

Vasoconstrictor systems

Angiotensin II

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Endothelin-1

Neuropeptide Y

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Sympathetic nervous system

Vasopressin