Table 2.
Variables definition and the data descriptive statistics
| Variable | Definition | mean | Sd. | min | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age14 | Population Proportion aged 14 and below (%) | 0.230 | 0.056 | 0.110 | 0.340 |
| Primary school enrollments | (million) | 5.762 | 2.304 | 1.904 | 11.70 |
| Middle school enrollments | (million) | 3.194 | 1.560 | 0.933 | 7.594 |
| Urbanization rate | Proportion of urban population (%) | 0.276 | 0.126 | 0.120 | 0.500 |
| GDP | Inflation-adjusted per capita gross domestic product (RMB) at 2009’s constant price | 10116.88 | 9167.58 | 1558 | 44744 |
| Engel coefficient | Proportion of income that goes into food | 0.482 | 0.076 | 0.334 | 0.638 |
| Unemployment rate | Proportion of official registered unemployment population in the total working population | 0.034 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.063 |
| Health expenditure | Per capita public health spending (RMB) at 2009’s constant price | 87.273 | 92.191 | 16.891 | 377.19 |
| Health institutions density | Health care institutions density per 1,000 population | 14.463 | 12.498 | 3.908 | 75.722 |
| Hospital beds | Hospital beds per 10,000 population | 15.613 | 5.792 | 5.70 | 34.70 |
Note: Authors’ calculations from the CHNS data (1989, 19991, 1993, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009).