Table 3.
Regression-adjusted mean health outcomes by perceived risk of osteoporosis and fracture history
| Not feeling at risk, no fracture | Not feeling at risk, fracture | Feeling at risk, no fracture | Feeling at risk, fracture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |
| Health-related quality of life | ||||
| MCS | 48.1 (0.2) | 47.2*** (0.3) | 45.9*** (0.3) | 45.9*** (0.5) |
| PCS | 48.5 (0.1) | 47.1*** (0.2) | 47.0*** (0.2) | 46.3*** (0.4) |
| SF-6D | 0.75 (0.00) | 0.73*** (0.00) | 0.72*** (0.00) | 0.71*** (0.01) |
| Work and activity impairment | ||||
| Absenteeism (%) | 3.5 % (0.5) | 6.7 %** (1.8) | 2.9 % (0.6) | 7.4 % (3.6) |
| Presenteeism (%) | 13.7 % (0.7) | 14.9 % (1.3) | 15.7 %* (1.1) | 20.7 %** (3.3) |
| Overall work impairment (%) | 15.7 % (0.8) | 18.3 % (1.6) | 17.4 % (1.2) | 22.2 %* (3.5) |
| Activity impairment (%) | 19.0 % (0.5) | 23.6 %*** (1.0) | 24.0 %*** (0.9) | 25.3 %*** (1.8) |
| Healthcare use (6 months) | ||||
| Physician visits | 6.4 (0.2) | 8.4*** (0.4) | 8.2*** (0.3) | 9.9*** (0.8) |
| ER visits | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.13* (0.04) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.04) |
| Hospitalizations | 0.42 (0.07) | 1.04*** (0.28) | 0.44 (0.11) | 0.51 (0.24) |
All models adjusted for age, university education, smoking status, exercise, daily alcohol use, household income, BMI category, marital status, and the CCI. Mean and SE presented at the mean of the covariates. Higher scores on MCS and PCS indicate better health status
MCS mental component summary, PCS physical component summary, ER emergency room
Significance is relative to group not feeling at risk and without fractures; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001