Figure 2. Schematic presentations of the wing PCP phenotypes of components of the Fz/PCP core pathway (left) and the Ft/Ds system (right).

The mutations in Fz/PCP core components affect the whole wing blade. This is seen in both intercellularly acting factors—for example, fmi, the fmi-stan³ allele (top left)—or the cytoplasmic intracellular components—for example, pk^- (bottom left). However, mutations in ds and Ft affect largely the proximal wing half. Consistently, ds and Ft also influence mitotic figure orientations near the hinge at the larval stage [70]. Ds, Dachsous; Fmi, Flamingo; Ft, Fat; Fz, Frizzled; PCP, planar cell polarity; PK, Prickle; Stan, Starry night.