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. 2014 Nov 13;5:563. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00563

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Copyright © 2014 Schmidt, Reveillaud, Zettler, Mincer, Murphy and Amaral-Zettler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Samples from the three host-associated studies included in this meta-analysis separated out into individual NMDS plots alongside water samples collected as part of the same study. Top: Sponges are labeled according to species. Water was collected next to Mycale sp. and Hexadella cf. dedritifera samples only. Middle: Fish water was sampled directly from aquaria in which fish were housed, in addition to “control” water that was sampled from aquaria at an identical salinity, but without any fish. Bottom: Ocean surface water was collected at the same time and location as corresponding plastics. ANOSIM permutation tests show that Fish, Sponge and Plastic associated Vibrio communities cannot be statistically separated out from their surrounding water environment. Labels for each habitat are within their respective covariance ellipsoid.