Table 3.

Pharmacokinetic parameters for Val composite nanoparticles prepared by using the SAS process

Formulation	AUC0–24 h (μg·hour/mL)	Cmax (μg/mL)	Tmax (hours)
Raw material	16.0±3.57	1.9±0.4	1.9±0.4
Val:HPMC =2:8	40.4±6.23a	6.2±0.9a	0.9±0.4
Val:HPMC:poloxamer 407 =2:7:1	73.8±14.0a–d	13.6±3.5a–d	0.5±0.3
Val:HPMC:Ryoto sugar ester L1695 =2:7:1	58.0±9.11a,b	9.9±1.6a,b	0.8±0.3
Val:HPMC:TPGS =2:7:1	61.2±10.7a,b	10.4±1.9a,b	0.6±0.3

Notes:

^aIndicates P<0.05 versus raw material

^bIndicates P<0.05 versus Val:HPMC =2:8

^cIndicates P<0.05 versus Val:HPMC:Ryoto sugar ester L1695 =2:7:1

^dIndicates P<0.05 versus Val:HPMC:TPGS =2:7:1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5).

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the concentration-time curve; C_max, peak plasma concentration; HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; SAS, supercritical antisolvent; T_max, time to peak concentration; TPGS, D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; Val, valsartan.