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. 2014 Mar 29;7:45. doi: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-45

Table 3.

Fitted rate parameters and activation energies for secondary hydrothermal reactions of wheat straw

Liquor ratio
 Parameters
 Furans
 Fur-sim
 Acetic acid
 Ac-sim
 Formic acid
    C o (g/kg) k s (min −1 ) k 2 (min −1 ) k 3 (min −1 ) k 4 (min −1 ) R 2 C inf (g/kg) k ac (min −1 ) R 2 K f (min −1 )
10:1
  
 Kinetic modelling (not including formic acid)
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 180°C
 235
 0.040
 0.019
 0.0016
 0.0021
 0.994
 31 (12)
 0.0076 (0.0051)
 0.993
 0
 
 200°C
 235
 0.219
 0.060
 0.0053
 0.0138
 0.978
 30 (7.2)
 0.0214 (0.011)
 0.983
 0
 
 220°C
 235
 0.993
 0.211
 0.0183
 0.0684
 0.984
 32 (6.6)
 0.072 (0.033)
 0.972
 0
10:1
  
 Arrhenius analysis (not including formic acid)
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 E (kJmol−1)
  
 149 (16, 1.2)
 112 (68, 4.9)
 113 (49, 3.8)
 166 (78, 6)
  
  
 104 (93, 7.4)
  
  
 
 R2 of Arrh fit
  
 0.999
 0.997
 0.998
 0.998
  
  
 0.995
  
  
4:1
  
 Kinetic modelling (not including formic acid)
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 200°C
 235
 0.219
 0.12
 0.017
 0.031
 0.997
 28 (2.8)
 0.040 (0.009)
 0.992
 0
10:1
  
 Kinetic modelling (including formic acid)
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 180°C
 235a
 0.04a
 0.010
 0.0037
 0.0021a
 0.994
  
  
  
 0.0018
 
 200°C
 235a
 0.219a
 0.027
 0.0083
 0.0138a
 0.976
  
  
  
 0.0052
 
 220°C
 235a
 0.993a
 0.079
 0.0394
 0.0684a
 0.935
  
  
  
 0.0173
10:1
  
 Arrhenius analysis (including formic acid)
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 E (kJmol−1)
  
 149a
 95(51, 4.1)
 109 (^, 22.7)
 166a
  
  
  
  
 105 (80, 6.4)
 
 R2 of Arrh fit
  
  
 0.998
 0.958
  
  
  
  
  
 0.996
4:1
  
 Kinetic modelling (including formic acid)
  
  
  
  
  
  
    235a 0.219a 0.033 0.055 0.031a 0.981       0.0061

Single or first number in brackets, ±95% confidence limits of parameter estimation; second number in brackets, ± standard error of parameter estimation. aUnchanged from results with Kf = 0. ^Above high limit.