Table 2.
Cancer warning signs
| Cancer warning sign % Yes (n) | Gender (n = 2,134) | Knew someone with cancer (n = 2,049) | Ethnicity (n = 2,132) | Deprivation (SIMD †) (n = 1,944) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 1,032) | Female (n = 1,102) | Significance* | Yes (n = 1,266) | No (n = 783) | Significance* | White (n = 1,826) | BME #(n = 306) | Significance* | Q1 (n = 1,205) | Q2-5 (n = 739) | Significance* | |
| Lump or swelling | 72.7 (744) | 84.9 (931) | χ2(1, 2120) = 48.21 p < 0.001 | 82.5 (1040) | 72.8 (567) | χ2(1,2040) = 27.03 p < 0.001 | 80.8 (1469) | 68.5 (207) | χ2(1,2119) = 23.71 p < 0.001 | 79.9 (949) | 77.8 (572) | χ2(1,1923) = 1.16 p = 0.281 |
| Change in bowel/bladder habits | 54.9 (562) | 55.8 (609) | χ2(1,2116) = 0.17 p = 0.682 | 60.4 (760) | 48.8 (379) | χ2(1,2036) = 26.18 p < 0.001 | 56.7 (1028) | 47.5 (144) | χ2(1,2115) = 8.91 p = 0.003 | 53.3 (633) | 59.2 (433) | χ2(1,1919) = 6.22 p = 0.013 |
| Change in appearance of a mole | 43.5 (444) | 48.0 (524) | χ2(1,2112) = 4.38 p = 0.036 | 49.0 (616) | 41.4 (321) | χ2(1,2032) = 11.10 p = 0.001 | 47.9 (866) | 33.0 (100) | χ2(1,2111) = 23.20 p < 0.001 | 45.4 (538) | 48.2 (352) | χ2(1,1916) = 1.38 p = 0.241 |
| Unexplained bleeding | 46.5 (476) | 43.6 (475) | χ2(1,2113) = 1.86 p = 0.173 | 47.4 (596) | 41.3 (320) | χ2(1,2033) = 7.18 p = 0.007 | 45.3 (821) | 41.9 (126) | χ2(1,2112) = 1.26 p = 0.262 | 44.2 (523) | 46.6 (341) | χ2(1,1916) = 1.06 p = 0.302 |
| Unexplained pain | 43.7 (448) | 44.2 (481) | χ2(1,2113) = 0.05 p = 0.816 | 45.7 (575) | 41.5 (322) | χ2(1,2033) = 3.51 p = 0.061 | 43.7 (791) | 44.7 (135) | χ2(1,2112) = 0.11 p = 0.746 | 42.1 (499) | 46.4 (340) | χ2(1,1918) = 3.36 p = 0.067 |
| Unexplained weight loss | 40.9 (418) | 43.7 (477) | χ2(1,2113) = 1.62 p = 0.203 | 47.4 (595) | 35.4 (275) | χ2(1,2033) = 28.14 p < 0.001 | 42.9 (776) | 39.4 (119) | χ2(1,2112) = 1.28 p = 0.259 | 43.8 (519) | 40.2 (294) | χ2(1,1917) = 2.45 p = 0.118 |
| Cough or hoarseness | 37.2 (381) | 30.9 (337) | χ2(1,2114) = 9.51 p = 0.002 | 36.2 (455) | 29.7 (231) | χ2(1,2034) = 9.18 p = 0.002 | 33.7 (610) | 36.6 (111) | χ2(1,2113) = 0.99 p = 0.319 | 33.9 (402) | 35.7 (261) | χ2(1,1918) = 0.62 p = 0.431 |
| Difficulty swallowing | 33.8 (345) | 34.2 (372) | χ2(1,2110) = .003 p = 0.858 | 37.8 (474) | 28.4 (220) | χ2(1,2030) = 19.02 p < 0.001 | 35.6 (644) | 24.9 (75) | χ2(1,2109) = 13.15 p < 0.001 | 34.6 (410) | 33.8 (247) | χ2(1,1915) = 0.12 p = 0.732 |
| Sore that does not heal | 27.5 (280) | 25.5 (277) | χ2(1,2106) = 1.02 p = 0.312 | 28.7 (359) | 23.5 (182) | χ2(1,2026) = 6.37 p = 0.012 | 25.8 (466) | 29.1 (88) | χ2(1,2105) = 1.45 p = 0.229 | 24.9 (294) | 27.7 (202) | χ2(1,1910) = 1.86 p = 0.173 |
Notes: *Pearson’s χ2 test for 2x2 tables (i.e., Yes vs. No/Don’t know for each demographic variable). Statistically significant associations at the p < 0.05 level are emboldened. #Black and Minority Ethnic. †Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.