Table 4.
Correlates of poor sleep quality in euthymic bipolar subjects ( n = 119)
| Domain | Bivariate | Multivariable regression modelsa | Unified multivariable regression modelb |
|---|---|---|---|
| r | β ( p ) | β ( p ) | |
| Sociodemographic | Adjusted R 2 = .09 | Adjusted R 2 = .20 | |
| Married | −.23 (.01) | −.21 (.02) | - |
| Age | 4 × 10−3 | - | - |
| Menopausal status (F) | .01 | - | - |
| Sex | .04 | - | - |
| Employed | −.13 | - | - |
| Medical and anxiety disorder comorbidities | Adjusted R 2 = .11 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | .20 (.03) | .16 (.08) | - |
| BMI | .17 (.07) | - | - |
| Diabetes | .05 | - | - |
| Migraine | .13 | - | - |
| Alcohol use disorders | .16 (.08) | - | - |
| Drug use disorders | .17 (.07) | .17 (.07) | - |
| Anxiety disorder | −.09 | - | - |
| Features of BD | Adjusted R 2 = .15 | ||
| Suicide attempts | .31 (1 × 10−3) | .22 (.02) | - |
| Rapid cycling | .30 (1 × 10−3) | .20 (.04) | .20 (.03) |
| Mixed episodes | .20 (.04) | - | - |
| Mixed symptoms | .13 | - | - |
| Psychosis | .11 | - | - |
| Severity/symptom measures | Adjusted R 2 = .06 | ||
| Age at onset | −.20 (.03) | −.18 (.07) | - |
| Depression (number of episodes) | .33 (<1 × 10−3) | - | - |
| Mania (number of episodes) | .16 (.09) | - | - |
| Hypomania (number of episodes) | .23 (.01) | - | - |
| Current symptom state | |||
| HDRS 17 | .11 | - | - |
| HDRS 21 with atypical symptoms | .24 (.01) | - | - |
| YMRS | −.01 | - | - |
| Chronotype and sleepiness | Adjusted R 2 = .10 | ||
| MCTQ chronotype | .24 (.01) | .23 (.01) | - |
| ESS sleepiness | .16 (.08) | - | - |
| Personality assessment | Adjusted R 2 = .13 | ||
| NEO-PI neuroticism | .35 (<1 × 10−3) | .31 (1 × 10−3) | .28 (2 × 10−3) |
| NEO-PI extraversion | −.01 | - | - |
| NEO-PI openness | .06 | - | - |
| NEO-PI agreeableness | −.01 | - | - |
| NEO-PI conscientiousness | −.17 (.08) | - | - |
| Life story | Adjusted R 2 = .11 | ||
| LEOS undesirable events | .26 (.01) | .27 (.01) | .20 (.02) |
| CTQ childhood trauma | .19 (.04) | - | - |
| LEC stressful life events | .09 | - | - |
| FACES-II cohesion | −.20 (.03) | - | - |
| FACES-II adaptability | −.15 | - | - |
| MRCIR social support | −.20 (.03) | - | - |
| MRCIR undermining | .10 | - | - |
| Behavioral | |||
| AUDIT alcohol | −.07 | - | - |
| AUDIT drugs | −.10 | - | - |
| FTND nicotine dependence | .13 | - | - |
aSet of predictors in a series of linear regressions with backward selection in each domain after adjusting for depressive symptoms (β ranges from .17 to .26, p < .07); bmultivariable linear regression, final model obtained through backward selection.