Table 5.
Coffee intake and stomach cancer risk among cases and controls nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study
| Coffee intake | Cases/controls, n | Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)a |
H. pylori-adjusted OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | |||
| Nondaily | 45/107 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Daily | 88/282 | 0.54 (0.31, 0.91) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.86) |
| Men | |||
| Nondaily | 25/72 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Daily | 60/178 | 0.84 (0.43, 1.65) | 0.76 (0.38, 1.52) |
| Women | |||
| Nondaily | 20/35 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Daily | 28/104 | 0.22 (0.08, 0.56) | 0.21 (0.08, 0.56) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio
a
Odds ratios are adjusted for age (years), gender (in overall model only), interview year (1993–1995, 1996–1998), dialect (Hokkien, Cantonese), education (less than secondary, secondary or greater), cigarette smoking status (never, former, current), number of cigarettes smoked per day (never, 1–12, ≥13), years smoked (never, 1–39, ≥40), body mass index (<20, 20–<24, 24–<28, ≥28 kg/m2), caffeine (mg/day), total energy intake (kcal/day) and date of biospecimen collection.
b
Odds ratios are adjusted for the same covariates as in model (a), in addition to H. pylori serology status.