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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 13.

Published in final edited form as: Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Apr 2;27(6):760–778. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.01.003

Fig. 2 — (A) FASD 4-Digit Diagnostic Code. FASD is defined by growth deficiency, specific FAS facial features, evidence of CNS damage, and prenatal alcohol exposure. The 4-Digit Code ranks each of these areas on 4-point, case-defined, Likert scales. The 4-Digit Code (3444) inserted in the grid is 1 of 12 codes that meet the diagnostic criteria for FAS [25]. (B) The Rank 4 FAS facial phenotype, as defined by the FASD 4-Digit Diagnostic Code, requires the presence of all 3 of the following anomalies: (1) palpebral fissure length 2 or more standard deviations below the mean (2) smooth philtrum (Rank 4 or 5 on the Lip-Philtrum Guide); (3) thin upper lip (Rank 4 or 5 on the Lip-Philtrum Guide). Examples of the full Rank 4 FAS facial phenotype for Caucasian, Native American, African American, and Asian American children are shown (copyright Susan Astley Ph.D., University of Washington).

Fig. 2 — (A) FASD 4-Digit Diagnostic Code. FASD is defined by growth deficiency, specific FAS facial features, evidence of CNS damage, and prenatal alcohol exposure. The 4-Digit Code ranks each of these areas on 4-point, case-defined, Likert scales. The 4-Digit Code (3444) inserted in the grid is 1 of 12 codes that meet the diagnostic criteria for FAS [25]. (B) The Rank 4 FAS facial phenotype, as defined by the FASD 4-Digit Diagnostic Code, requires the presence of all 3 of the following anomalies: (1) palpebral fissure length 2 or more standard deviations below the mean (2) smooth philtrum (Rank 4 or 5 on the Lip-Philtrum Guide); (3) thin upper lip (Rank 4 or 5 on the Lip-Philtrum Guide). Examples of the full Rank 4 FAS facial phenotype for Caucasian, Native American, African American, and Asian American children are shown (copyright Susan Astley Ph.D., University of Washington).