Table 1.
Sociodemographic and 4-Digit Diagnostic Code profile of the four study groups. A more detailed profile with between-group analyses is presented in Part I of this series [9]
| Characteristic | 1. FAS/PFASa,b (n=20) |
2. SE/AE (n=24) |
3. ND/AE (n=21) |
4. Control (n=16) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
| Gender | Female | 10 | (50.0) | 8 | (33.3) | 10 | (47.6) | 8 | (50.0) |
| Age at enrollment (years): mean (S.D.) |
12.7 | (2.4) | 12.2 | (2.0) | 12.4 | (2.3) | 12.4 | (2.7) | |
| Race | Caucasian | 12 | (60.0) | 11 | (45.8) | 12 | (57.1) | 13 | (81.3) |
| 4-Digit Code Ranks | |||||||||
| Growth rank | 1. None | 10 | (50.0) | 15 | (62.5) | 13 | (61.8) | 15 | (93.7) |
| 2. Mild | 2 | (10.0) | 2 | (8.3) | 6 | (28.6) | 1 | (6.3) | |
| 3. Moderate | 5 | (25.0) | 3 | (12.5) | 1 | (4.8) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| 4. Severe | 3 | (15.0) | 4 | (16.7) | 1 | (4.8) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Face rank | 1. None | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (16.7) | 7 | (33.3) | 10 | (62.5) |
| 2. Mild | 0 | (0.0) | 20 | (83.3) | 14 | (66.7) | 6 | (37.5) | |
| 3. Moderate | 4 | (20.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| 4. Severe c | 16 | (80.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| CNS Rank 1–3: Level of functional impairment |
1. None | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 16 | (100.0) |
| 2. Moderate | 0 | (0.0) | 3 d | (12.5) | 21 | (100.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| 3. Severe | 20 | (100.0) | 21 | (87.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| CNS Rank 4: structural/ neurologic abnormality |
Present | 13 | (65.0) | 6 | (25.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Alcohol rank | 1. No exposure | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 16 | (100.0) |
| 2. Unknown exposure | 1 e | (5.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| 3. Confirmed exposure. Level moderate or unknown |
7 | (35.0) | 12 | (50.0) | 11 | (52.4) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| 4. Confirmed exposure: level high | 12 | (60.0) | 12 | (50.0) | 10 | (47.6) | 0 | (0.0) | |
Six of the 20 subjects in Group 1 had full FAS using the 4-Digit Code. Ten of the 14 PFAS had Rank 4 Faces, but received a diagnosis of PFAS because of their absence of growth deficiency (Growth Rank 1).
Two subjects had agenesis (PFAS) or hypogenesis (FAS) of the corpus callosum.
Definition of Rank 4 FAS Face: palpebral fissure lengths 2 or more SDs below the norm, and lip and philtrum are Rank 4 or 5 on the Lip-Philtrum Guide [24].
All three children with moderate functional impairment had structural evidence of brain abnormality (microcephaly).
The one child with unknown prenatal alcohol exposure had full FAS.