Table 2. Clinical laboratory parameters in 5 patients with Lujo hemorrhagic fever.
| Laboratory Parameter | Reference range | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Range for all patients |
| Hb (g/dl)-peak* | 12.2–16.7 | 17.1(d12) | 15.7(d9) | 17.7(d10) | ND | 14.8 (d5) | 14.8- |
| Hb (g/dl)-admission | g/dl | 15.2 | 14.2 | 13.0 | 14.8 | 17.7(d5–12) | |
| Hb (g/dl)-nadir* | 15.2 (d11) | 13.7 (d8) | 13.0 (d6) | ND | 6.7 (d27) | 6.7–15.2(d6–27) | |
| HCT (%)-peak* | 35–49% | 41.0 | 42.0 | 38.0 | ND | 40.0 | 38–42 |
| HCT (%)-admission | 41 | 42 | 44 | - | 45 | ||
| HCT (%)-nadir* | ND | ||||||
| WBC peak (x109/ℓ) | 4–12×10 | 80 (d13) | 28 (d7) | 25 (d10) | 14 (d8) | 18 (d5) | 14–80 (d1–7) |
| WBC (x109/ℓ)-admission | 27 | 2.14 | 5.9 | 14.9 | 1.16 | ||
| WBC differential-peak (%) Abs(x 109/l) | |||||||
| Neutrophils | 90 (72) | 54 (15.12) | 78 (19.5) | ND | 59 (10.62) | 54–90 | |
| Lymphocytes | 5 (4) | 41 (11.48) | 20 (5) | ND | 36 (6.4) | 5–41 | |
| Eosinophils | 2 (1.6) | 1 (0.28) | 0 | ND | 6.1 (1.09) | 0–6.1 | |
| Basophils | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 0.8 (0.14) | 0–.8 | |
| WBC nadir (x109/ℓ) | 4–12×10 | 27 (d11) | 2,1 (d8) | 4,8 (d6) | 14 (d8) | 1,3 (d1) | 1.3–27(d1–11) |
| WBC differential-nadir (%) Abs (x 109/l) | |||||||
| Neutrophils | 90 (24.3) | 54 (1.13) | 78 (3.7) | ND | 59 (0.76) | 54–90 | |
| Lymphocytes | 5 (1.35) | 41 (0.86) | 20 (0.96) | ND | 36 (0.48) | 5–41 | |
| Eosinophils | 2 (0.54) | 1 (0.02) | 0 | ND | 6.1 (0.07) | 0–6.1 | |
| Basophils | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND | 0.8 (0.01) | 0–8 | |
| Platelets (x109/ℓ)-peak* | 150–450×10 | 85 (d12) | 121 (d7) | 102 (d6) | 23(d8) | 91 (d1) | 23–102(d1–12) |
| Platelets (x109/ℓ)-admission | 42 | 56 | 78 | 23 | 104 | ||
| Platelets (x109/ℓ)-nadir* | 150–450×10 | 42 (d10) | 46 (d9) | 38 (d8) | 23 (d8) | 23 (d6) | 23–46(d6–10) |
| AST (iu/ℓ)-peak | 13–35 | 1029 (d10) | 3763 (d7) | 2486 (d8) | 549 (d8) | 280 (d8) | 280–3763(d7–10) |
| AST (iu/ℓ)-admission | 1029 | 969 | 218 | 549 | 30 | ||
| ALT (iu/ℓ)-peak | <35 | 386 (d10) | 1008 (d7) | 804 (d9) | 237 (d8) | 156 (d17) | 156–1008(d7–17) |
| ALT (iu/ℓ)-admission | 386 | 293 | 24 | 237 | 19 | ||
| AST/ALT ratio | 2,6 | 3,7 | 3,1 | 2,3 | 1,8 | 1.8–3.7 | |
| Albumin (g/l)-nadir | 35–50 | 16 (d10) | 25 (d7) | 23 (d9) | 23(d8) | 10 (d6) | 10–25(d6–10) |
| Albumin (g/l)-admission | 16 | 33 | 42 | 23 | 47 | ||
| LDH (iu/ℓ)-peak | 120–230 | 2432 (d10) | 7207 (d7) | 4540 (d9) | 2069 (d16) | 2069–7207(d7–16) | |
| Bilirubin (umol/ℓ)-peak | 2–26 | 5 (d10) | 23 (d7) | 26 (d9) | 70 (d15) | 5–70(d7–15) | |
| Bilirubin (umol/ℓ)-admission | 5 | 6 | 21 | - | 4 | ||
| CRP (mg/ℓ)-peak | <5 | 62 (d12) | 35 (d8) | 114 (d7) | 78 (d8) | 35–114(d7–12) | |
| CRP (mg/ℓ)-admission | 27 | 30 | 114 | - | 3.3 | ||
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml)-peak | <0.05 | 1,22 (d12) | 2,09 (d8) | 1.22–2.09(d8–12) | |||
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml)-admission | 0.32 | 2.0 | - | - | |||
| D-Dimer (ug/ml)-peak | <0.5 | >10 (d8) | >10 (d8) | 2,8 (d1) | 2.8–>10(d1–8) | ||
| D-Dimer (ug/ml)-admission | - | >10 | - | - | 2.84 | ||
| PTT (sec)-peak | 27–43 | 68 (d8) | 74 (d1) | 40 (d1) | 40–68(d1–8) | ||
| PTT (sec)-admission | - | 90 | - | 40 | |||
| INR-peak | 1–1.25 | 2,93 (d13) | 1,12 (d9) | 1,91 (d10) | 1,2 (d35) | 1.12–2.93(d9–35) | |
| Calcium (corrected)(mmol/ℓ)-nadir | 2.15–2.65 | 2,19 (d11) | 1,84 (d9) | 2,14 (d25) | 1.84–2.19(d9–25) | ||
| Calcium (corrected)(mmol/ℓ)-admission | 2.19 | - | - | - | |||
| Ammonia (umol/ℓ)-peak | 16–60 | 149 (d7) | |||||
| Sodium (mmol/ℓ)-peak | 135–150 | 141 (d13) | 137 (d9) | 140 (d10) | 136 (d8) | 134 (d1) | 134–141(d1–13) |
| Sodium (mmol/ℓ)-admission | 137 | 132 | 133 | 133 | 134 | ||
| Potassium (mmol/ℓ)-nadir | 3.5–5.1 | 3.3(d13) | 3.5(d7) | 3.3(d10) | 5.1(d8) | 3.1(d3) | 3.1–5.1(d3–13) |
| Potassium (mmol/ℓ)-admission | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 3.6 | ||
| Urea (mmol/ℓ)-peak | 2.1–7.1 | 8,5 | 7,9 | 1,9 | 10,8 | 2,8 | 1.9–10.8 |
| Urea (mmol/ℓ)-admission | 2.8 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 10.8 | 2.8 | ||
| Creatinine (umol/ℓ)-peak | 80–115 | 118.0 | 160.0 | 66.0 | 97.0 | 72.0 | 66–118 |
| Creatinine (umol/ℓ)-admission | 31 | 136 | 88 | 97 | 72 | ||
| Total CO2 (mmol/ℓ)-peak | 21–29 | 17.0 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 9.0 | 25.0 | 9–25 |
| Total CO2 (mmol/ℓ)-admission | 24 | 22 | 28 | 9 | 25 | ||
| Estimated GFR (ml/min)-nadir | >60 | 48.0 | 43.0 | >60 | >60 | 43–>60 | |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min)-admission | >90 | 52 | >60 | - | |||
| ESR-peak | 2 (d6) | ||||||
| Fibrinogen (g/ℓ)-nadir | 2–4 | 2.09(d7) | 5.04(d39) | 2.09–5.04(d7–39) | |||
| Antithrombin III (%)- | 87–140 | 109(d7) | |||||
| Russell's viper test(ratio, s) | 1.24–1.50 | 1.61(d39) |
The day of illness that the value was noted is in parentheses.
*Patients 1, 2, and 5 received transfusions of packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma during the course of their illnesses.
Abbreviations: ALT-alanine aminotransferase, AST-aspartate aminotransferase, CRP-C reactive protein, ESR-erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Hb-hemoglobin, HCT-hematocrit, INR-international normalized ratio, LDH-lactate dehydrogenase, ND-not done, PCT- procalcitonin, PTT-partial thromboplastin time, WBC-white blood cell count.