Table 3. Odds ratio and 95% CIs for the presence of glaucoma.

	Crude model	Model 1†	Model 2‡
Diabetes
HbA1c or fasting glucose *	3.99 (2.05, 7.76)	2.09 (1.11, 3.92)	1.80 (0.93, 3.47)
Fasting glucose only §	3.83 (2.24, 6.55)	2.28 (1.37, 3.81)	2.12 (1.23, 3.67)
HbA1c only †	4.52 (2.65, 7.68)	2.65 (1.49, 4.71)	2.10 (1.19, 3.71)
Prediabetes
HbA1c or fasting glucose *	1.36 (0.72, 2.56)	0.96 (0.52, 1.75)	0.88 (0.45, 1.75)
Fasting glucose only §	1.23 (0.75, 2.02)	1.02 (0.63, 1.66)	1.01 (0.57, 1.82)
HbA1c only †	2.63 (1.53, 4.51)	1.72 (0.98, 3.05)	1.57 (0.85, 2.92)
Metabolic syndrome	1.50 (0.98, 2.29)	1.30 (0.83, 2.03)	1.13 (0.60, 2.16)
Elevated waist circumference	1.31 (0.91, 1.90)	1.19 (0.81, 1.75)	0.89 (0.55, 1.45)
Elevated blood pressure	2.47 (1.71, 3.56)	1.38 (0.97, 1.97)	1.39 (0.92, 2.09)
Elevated triglyceride	0.99 (0.59, 1.68)	1.09 (0.65, 1.81)	0.90 (0.52, 1.57)
Reduced HDL	0.69 (0.40, 1.18)	0.83 (0.47, 1.47)	0.73 (0.35, 1.52)
Elevated fasting glucose	1.95 (1.40, 2.70)	1.35 (1.00, 1.83)	1.29 (0.85, 1.95)
Diabetes duration >5 years	2.48 (1.06, 5.76)	2.20 (1.02, 4.73)	3.90 (1.63, 9.32)
Insulin resistance ||	1.19 (0.78, 1.81)	1.22 (0.78, 1.90)	1.14 (0.64, 2.01)

^†Adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity.

^‡Further adjusted for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, education, and BMI.

*Diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or taking diabetic medications.Pre-diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥5.7% to <6.5%, or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL to <126 mg/dL.

^§Diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or taking diabetic medications. Pre-diabetes defined as self-report or HbA1c ≥5.7% to <6.5%.

^†Diabetes defined as self-report, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or taking diabetic medications. Pre-diabetes defined as self-report or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL to <126 mg/dL.

^||Values are based on the subsample of participants not taking insulin or medication for diabetes.