Table 2. Means, standard deviations, and group comparisons between art therapy and treatment as usual for psychopathological symptoms (SAPS, SANS, CDSS) and global assessment of functioning (GAF) in per-protocol and intention-to-treat samples at post-treatment and follow-up visits.
| baseline (0 wks) | post-treatment (6 wks) | follow-up (12 wks) | post-treatment (6 wks) | η2 p | follow-up (12 wks) | η2 p | ||||
| AT | TAU | AT | TAU | AT | TAU | AT vs.TAU | AT vs.TAU | |||
| per-protocol | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
| SAPS | 60.0±26.2 | 55.3±26.7 | 19.1±19.8 | 37.1±23.1 | 13.3±16.4 | 35.0±30.9 | F[1; 32] = 11.698** | 0.268 | F[1; 30] = 6.960* | 0.188 |
| SANS | 48.9±20.6 | 38.1±19.2 | 24.1±15.6 | 27.9±16.2 | 15.9±13.8 | 30.8±18.1 | F[1; 32] = 1.441 | 0.043 | F[1; 30] = 7.820** | 0.207 |
| CDSS | 7.9±5.4 | 7.4±4.7 | 5.6±4.2 | 5.9±4.5 | 4.7±4.7 | 5.1±3.9 | F[1; 32] = 1.425 | 0.043 | F[1; 30] = 0.372 | 0.012 |
| GAF | 38.2±13.3 | 37.8±12.1 | 59.6±16.8 | 47.3±14.1 | 62.0±15.2 | 51.3±13.9 | F[1; 32] = 5.218* | 0.140 | F[1; 30] = 5.005* | 0.143 |
| intention-to-treat | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
| SAPS | 65.0±26.8 | 55.3±24.9 | 27.2±23.5 | 36.7±22.2 | 23.2±24.5 | 34.1±28.6 | F[1; 37.750] = 4,462* | - | F[1; 37.349] = 2.858 | - |
| SANS | 53.9±22.0 | 37.3±17.4 | 27.6±16.8 | 27.1±15.5 | 24.6±19.1 | 29.3±17.4 | F[1; 39.205] = 0.768 | - | F[1; 34.770] = 3.291 † | - |
| CDSS | 7.4±5.5 | 6.7±4.5 | 6.4±4.5 | 5.9±3.9 | 5.3±4.5 | 5.3±3.9 | F[1; 33.011] = 0.024 | - | F[1; 30.793] = 0.031 | - |
| GAF | 37.0±12.8 | 38.4±11.0 | 52.4±17.2 | 48.0±14.0 | 55.8±17.8 | 51.2±14.4 | F[1; 38.297] = 1.114 | - | F[1; 35.663] = 1.036 | - |
1
: nAT = 16/nTAU = 19;
2
: nAT = 16/nTAU = 20;
3
: nAT = 24/nTAU = 29.
Per-protocol sample: ANCOVA factors: intervention, gender; covariates: verbal IQ, baseline value of dependent variable; F[df]; *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; η2 p; corrected p-value (Bonferroni) p<0.0125 (significant results underlined).
Intention-to treat sample: descriptive statistics and ANCOVA on multiply imputed data (m = 50): covariates: intervention, baseline value of dependent variable; pooled F[df]; *: p<0.05; †: p = 0.078 (AT: art therapy; TAU: treatment as usual; SANS: Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; SAPS: Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms; CDSS: Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia; GAF: Global assessment of functioning).