Figure 2. Inflammatory responses to DAMPs.

Ex vivo organ cultures of endometrium, endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured for 24 h in control medium, or media containing 10 μg/ml hyaluronan (HA, except organ cultures), 1 μg/ml HMGB1, 10 ng/ml IL-1α, and 0.1 μg/ml LPS. Supernatants were harvested and the accumulation of (a) IL-6, (b) IL-8 and (c) IL-1β measured by ELISA. Data are presented as mean + SEM from 4 independent experiments. Data were analyzed by multivariate GLM, using the Dunnett's pairwise multiple comparison t-test; values differ from control, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ND = not detected.