Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included patients
| Variables | Total (n = 1221) | AKI (n = 357) | Non-AKI (n = 864) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
59.7 ± 19.6 |
62.0 ± 19.8 |
58.8 ± 19.5 |
0.011 |
| Sex (male, %) |
788 (64.5%) |
233 (65.3%) |
556 (64.2%) |
0.117 |
| Charlson index (median, IQR) |
0 (0-2) |
1 (0-2) |
0 (0-2) |
0.0095 |
| Primary Classification (n, %) |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Medical |
340 (27.8) |
111 (31.1) |
229 (26.5) |
0.104 |
| Coronary |
152 (12.4) |
28 (8.0) |
124 (14.4) |
0.002 |
| Post-cardiac surgery |
101 (8.0) |
22 (6.0) |
79 (9.0) |
0.085 |
| Surgical |
628 (51.4) |
196 (54.9) |
432 (50.0) |
0.119 |
| Fluid balance (ml)† |
1061 ± 789 |
1245 ± 782 |
984 ± 780 |
<0.001 |
| Saline 0.9% administration (ml)† |
983 ± 678 |
1052 ± 768 |
954 ± 650 |
0.023 |
| Use of diuretics (n, %) |
408 (33.42) |
115 (32.21) |
293 (33.91) |
0.567 |
| Use of MV (n; %) |
598 (49.0) |
224 (62.8) |
374 (43.3) |
<0.001 |
| Survivors (n; %) |
967 (79.2) |
260 (72.8) |
707 (81.8) |
<0.001 |
| Hospital LOS (days; median, IQR)‡ |
24 (16,35) |
29 (20,41) |
22 (15,33) |
<0.001 |
| ICU LOS (days; median, IQR) ‡ |
3 (2,7) |
4 (3,9) |
3 (2,6) |
<0.001 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/l) |
23.9 ± 3.0 |
24.0 ± 3.2 |
23.9 ± 2.9 |
0.46 |
| Cl0 (mmol/l) |
103.6 ±6.0 |
104.1 ± 7.3 |
103.4 ± 5.4 |
0.07 |
| Clmean (mmol/l) |
103.7 ±4.9 |
104.3 ±5.8 |
103.4 ± 4.5 |
0.0047 |
| Clmin (mmol/l) |
98.0 ± 5.8 |
97.2 ± 6.1 |
98.3 ± 5.6 |
0.002 |
| Clmax (mmol/l) | 109.1 ± 6.6 | 111.8 ± 8.1 | 107.9 ±5.4 | <0.001 |
‡Analysis was restricted to survivors; † data obtained on the day of the onset of acute kidney injury or on the day of the highest serum creatinine level.
Abbreviations: AKI acute kidney injury, IQR interquartile range, MV mechanical ventilation, Cl0 chloride measured on ICU entry, Clmean mean chloride during ICU stay, Clmin minimum chloride during ICU stay, Clmax maximum chloride during ICU stay.