Table 2.
Mechanism of drug induced pancreatitis with drugs associated with acute pancreatitis
| Mechanism of DIAP | Drugs with a definite relationship or with class I/II to AP | Probable | Similar structure/class/mechanism with reported cases |
| Structural | Cholestatic liver injury | Rofecoxib | |
| Azathioprine | |||
| Cytarabine | |||
| Spasm of the sphincter of Oddi | Octreotide | Opium | |
| Opioids | Marcolides | ||
| Codeine | |||
| Erythromycin | |||
| Obstruction | ACE-inhibitors | ||
| Enalapril-angioedema | |||
| Duct constriction | NSAIDs | ||
| Sulindac | |||
| Stone | Ceftriaxone | ||
| Dipyridamole | |||
| Toxins | Acetaminophen | Metformin | Minocycline |
| Didanosine | Tigecycline | ||
| Isoniazid | Doxycycline | ||
| Metronidazole | NRTI | ||
| Valproic acid | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors | ||
| Mesalamine | |||
| Pentamidine | |||
| Asparaginase | |||
| Sitaliptin | |||
| Exenatide | |||
| Tetracycline | |||
| Pravastatin | |||
| Metabolic | Hypertriglyceridemia | Hydrochlorothiazide | Isotretinoin |
| Estrogens | Interferon alfa | Retinoid derivaties | |
| Corticosteroids | Propofol | Protease inhibitors | |
| Furosemide | Tamoxifen | Saw palmetto | |
| β-blocker | Ethacrynic acid | ||
| Clomiphene | Anti-psychotics (aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone) | ||
| Hypercalcemia | IV calcium | ||
| Vitamin D | |||
| Vascular | Contrast media - iopamidol Procainamide | ||
| Immune-mediated | Azathioprine/mercaptopurine sulfasalazine |
AP: Acute pancreatitis; NRTI: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.