Table 3.
Interaction between genetic and environmental determinants on risks for cholangiocarcinoma
| Genetic determinants | Environmental determinants | OR |
95%CI |
P value | Ref. | Ethnic group | |||
| LL | UL | ||||||||
| Adjusted OR | |||||||||
| GSTMI | Wild | Anti-OV antibody | Negative | 1.00 | Reference | Honjo et al[5] 2005 | Thai | ||
| Wild | Positive | 10.34 | 1.31 | 81.63 | 0.03 | ||||
| Null | Negative | 0.48 | 0.21 | 1.11 | 0.09 | ||||
| Null | Positive | 18.00 | 3.33 | 97.40 | < 0.01 | ||||
| GSTMI | Wild | Toilet | Inside the house | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| Wild | Outside or none | 0.20 | 0.04 | 1.02 | 0.05 | ||||
| Null | Inside the house | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.88 | 0.03 | ||||
| Null | Outside or none | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.91 | 0.04 | ||||
| GSTTI | Wild | Alcohol drinking | Never | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| Wild | Occasional | 3.58 | 0.71 | 17.95 | 0.12 | ||||
| Wild | Ex-regular | 1.28 | 0.12 | 14.08 | 0.84 | ||||
| Wild | Regular | 4.69 | 0.93 | 23.51 | 0.06 | ||||
| Null | Never | 0.75 | 0.23 | 2.43 | 0.63 | ||||
| Null | Occasional | 1.12 | 0.22 | 5.80 | 0.89 | ||||
| Null | Ex-regular | 27.93 | 1.84 | 424.60 | 0.02 | ||||
| Null | Regular | 3.28 | 0.35 | 30.91 | 0.30 | ||||
| Crude OR | |||||||||
| MTHFR 677 | CC | Beef sausage | < 1/mo | 1.0 | Reference | Songserm et al[6] 2012 | Thai | ||
| CT | < 1/mo | 1.1 | 0.51 | 2.37 | 0.82 | ||||
| TT | < 1/mo | 0.6 | 0.25 | 1.53 | 0.32 | ||||
| CC | Weekly | 0.9 | 0.45 | 1.83 | 0.80 | ||||
| CT | Weekly | 1.2 | 0.57 | 2.43 | 0.65 | ||||
| TT | Weekly | 1.6 | 0.80 | 3.31 | 0.18 | ||||
| CC | Daily | 3.3 | 1.51 | 7.07 | 0.003 | ||||
| CT | Daily | 3.2 | 1.33 | 7.62 | 0.01 | ||||
| TT | Daily | 8.3 | 2.23 | 30.82 | 0.002 | ||||
| MTHFR 1298 | AA | Beef sausage | < 1/mo | 1.0 | Reference | ||||
| AC | < 1/mo | 1.3 | 0.63 | 2.55 | 0.51 | ||||
| CC | < 1/mo | 0.8 | 0.28 | 2.15 | 0.63 | ||||
| AA | Weekly | 1.3 | 0.71 | 2.45 | 0.39 | ||||
| AC | Weekly | 1.0 | 0.49 | 1.79 | 0.84 | ||||
| CC | Weekly | 3.8 | 1.48 | 9.89 | 0.01 | ||||
| AA | Daily | 3.8 | 1.71 | 8.62 | 0.001 | ||||
| AC | Daily | 3.5 | 1.56 | 7.85 | 0.002 | ||||
| CC | Daily | 18.3 | 3.68 | 90.80 | < 0.001 | ||||