Table 1.
Kaposi sarcoma incidence rates and unadjusted hazard ratios for developing Kaposi sarcoma in patients on ART.
| Patients (N) |
Person- years at risk |
KS cases (N) |
Incidence rate per 100,000 pys (95% CI) |
HR | (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 173,245 | 343,927 | 564 | 164 | (151 – 178) | - | - | |
| Country | Botswana | 704 | 1,490 | 2 | 134 | (34 – 537) | - | - |
| South Africa | 19,532 | 34,717 | 48 | 138 | (104 – 183) | - | - | |
| Zambia | 150,732 | 302,543 | 510 | 169 | (155 – 184) | - | - | |
| Zimbabwe | 2,277 | 5,177 | 4 | 77 | (29 – 206) | - | - | |
| Sex | Female | 105,787 | 213,306 | 296 | 139 | (124 – 156) | 1.00 | - |
| Male | 67,457 | 130,616 | 268 | 205 | (182 – 231) | 1.45 | (1.23 – 1.72) | |
|
Age at ART start [years] |
<5 | 6,290 | 11,329 | 3 | 26 | (9 – 82) | 0.15 | (0.05 – 0.45) |
| 5 – 9 | 3,758 | 8,712 | 3 | 34 | (11 – 107) | 0.20 | (0.06 – 0.62) | |
| 10 – 15 | 3,201 | 7,099 | 10 | 141 | (76 – 262) | 0.80 | (0.43 – 1.51) | |
| 16 – 29 | 41,591 | 76,325 | 114 | 149 | (124 – 179) | 0.80 | (0.64 – 0.99) | |
| 30 – 39 | 70,454 | 141,599 | 257 | 181 | (161 – 205) | 1.00 | - | |
| 40 – 49 | 34,174 | 71,570 | 130 | 182 | (153 – 216) | 1.01 | (0.82 – 1.25) | |
| 50 – 59 | 10,758 | 21,941 | 33 | 150 | (107– 212) | 0.83 | (0.58 – 1.19) | |
| ≥60 | 3,017 | 5,349 | 14 | 262 | (155 – 442) | 1.37 | (0.80 – 2.34) | |
|
Calendar year at ART start |
2004 – 2006 | 54,717 | 177,507 | 192 | 108 | (94 – 125) | 1.00 | - |
| 2007 – 2010 | 118,528 | 166,420 | 372 | 224 | (202 – 247) | 1.49 | (1.24 – 1.79) | |
|
WHO stage at ART start |
I - II | 64,121 | 117,855 | 182 | 154 | (134 – 179) | 1.00 | - |
| III - IV | 102,301 | 213,594 | 367 | 172 | (155 – 190) | 1.16 | (0.97 – 1.39) | |
| Missing | 6,823 | 12,477 | 15 | 120 | (72 – 199) | - | - | |
|
CD4 at
ART start [cells/µL]* |
<50 | 25,060 | 49,981 | 92 | 184 | (150 – 226) | 1.00 | - |
| 50 – 99 | 26,229 | 54,076 | 96 | 178 | (145 – 217) | 0.94 | (0.71 – 1.26) | |
| 100 – 199 | 51,479 | 104,069 | 156 | 150 | (128 – 175) | 0.78 | (0.60 – 1.01) | |
| 200 – 349 | 32,485 | 58,217 | 77 | 132 | (106 – 165) | 0.64 | (0.47 – 0.87) | |
| 350 – 499 | 4,511 | 8,439 | 21 | 249 | (162 – 382) | 1.23 | (0.76 – 1.98) | |
| ≥500 | 2,815 | 5,046 | 14 | 277 | (164 – 468) | 1.36 | (0.77 – 2.38) | |
| Missing | 24,374 | 52,767 | 105 | 199 | (164 – 241) | - | - | |
|
Current
CD4 [cells/µL]* |
<50 | - | 16,636 | 67 | 403 | (317 – 512) | 1.00 | - |
| 50 – 99 | - | 21,629 | 66 | 305 | (240 – 388) | 0.81 | (0.57 – 1.14) | |
| 100 – 199 | - | 62,296 | 136 | 218 | (185 – 258) | 0.65 | (0.48 – 0.87) | |
| 200 – 349 | - | 94,036 | 128 | 136 | (114 – 162) | 0.49 | (0.36 – 0.67) | |
| 350 – 499 | - | 59,652 | 75 | 126 | (100 – 158) | 0.54 | (0.38 – 0.77) | |
| ≥500 | - | 55,727 | 37 | 66 | (48 – 92) | 0.31 | (0.20 – 0.47) | |
| Missing | - | 22,619 | 52 | 230 | (175 – 302) | - | - | |
*
Children aged <5 years were excluded from analyses of absolute CD4 cell counts.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HR, Hazard ratio; KS, Kaposi sarcoma; Pys, person-years.