FIGURE 1.

ADRB3/HSL signaling up-regulates SphK1 in white adipose tissues. Mice were injected (i.p.) with vehicle or BAY 59-9435 (BAY) for 1 h. Subsequently, mice were injected (i.p.) with CL-316243 (CL) or control saline. Three hours later, EWAT were collected, and levels of SphK1 and SphK2 were measured by qPCR (A) or Western blotting analysis (B). Note that mRNA and protein levels of SphK1 were dramatically up-regulated after CL-316243 administration. Also note that the CL-316243-increased SphK1 expression was completely abrogated by the pretreatment of BAY 59-9435. Data in A are means ± S.D. of six determinations (**, p < 0.01, t test). Fold change (lower panel of B), levels of SphK1 and SphK2 proteins were quantitated by NIH ImageJ software and normalized to GAPDH loading control (*, p < 0.05, t test, n = 4). Ctrl, control.