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Identified catabolic pathways of HNE/HNA via ω- and ω-1-oxidations in the perfused rat livers. Compounds 1–13 are as follows: HNE (1), HNA (2), 4,8-DHNA (3), 4,9-DHNA (4), 6-hydroxynonenodioyl-CoA (5), 4-hydroxyheptanedioyl-CoA (6), 2-HG (7), 4-phospho-8-hydroxynonanoyl-CoA (8), 3,8-dihydroxynonanoyl-CoA (9), 6-hydroxyheptanoyl-CoA (10), 4-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA (11), 2,6-dihydroxyheptanoyl-CoA (12), 5-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA (13).
