Table 2.

Toll-like receptors in health and disease in the CNS

Healthy CNS	TLR(s)	Mechanism	References
Memory	3	TLR3 KO mice exhibit enhanced hippocainpal-dependent working memory	34, 203
Neurogenesis	2, 3, & 4	TLR KO mice exhibit impaired (TLR2) or enhanced (TLR3 & 4) neurogenesis	32, 118, 157
CNS. Insult	TLR(s)	Pathology
Bacteria Meningitis	2,4 & 9	TLRs are necessary for eliciting maximal anti-bacterial immunity	45, 146
Bacterial Abscess	2 & 4	TLRs are necessary for eliciting maximal anli-bacterial immunity	96, 151, 192
Viral Infection	3 & 9	LLRs function to resteic viral infection and neuronal injury	87, 220
Parasitic Infection	1,2 & 9	TLRs contribute to parasite clearance: but may also exacerbate disease severity	29, 62, 145
Neuronal Injury	2 & 4	TLR2 and TLR4 have been implicated in mediating neuronal death during stroke	122, 124, 233
Spinal Cord Injun’	2 & 4	TI.R2 stimulation causes significant axonal and myelin damage	98, 183
Alzheimer’s	2, 4, 5, 7, & 9	TLE deficient mice demonstrate increases in diffuse and fibrillar Aβ deposits	55, 170, 197, 209