Table 3.
Author | Instrument | Factor structure obtained in African setting |
Comparison to original study |
---|---|---|---|
Abubakar et al. (2012) | GHQ | Anxiety/depression, loss of confidence, social dysfunction (Kenya) |
Anxiety/depression, loss of confidence, social dysfunction (UK) (Goldberg, 1972) |
Ambaw (2011) | HADS | Anxiety, depression (Ethiopia) |
Anxiety, depression (UK) (Moorey et al., 1991; Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) |
Bekhet et al. (2010) | DCS | Depression (Egypt) | Depression (U.S. (Zauszniewski, 1995) |
Ibrahim et al. (2012) | Zagazig | Depression, suicidal ideation, guilt, anxiety, insomnia, agitation, sleep maintenance, concentration, amotivation, weight loss, sexual symptoms (Egypt) |
17 factors (Egypt) (Fawzi et al., 1982) |
Mels et al. (2010) | HSCL | Internalizing, externalizing (Democratic Republic of the Congo) |
Internalizing, externalizing (Netherlands) (Bean et al., 2007) |
Pretorius (1991) | CES-DC | Depressed affect, somatic- retarded activity, positive affect, interpersonal relations (South Africa) |
Depressed affect, somatic-retarded activity, positive affect, interpersonal relations (U.S.) (Radloff, 1977) |
CES-DC = Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale for Children; DCS = Depression Cognition Scale; GHQ = General Health Questionnaire; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HSCL = Hopkins Symptom Checklist;