Table 2 .
Adverse events reported in volitional exercise studies
| Study | Intervention | Adverse event definition provided | Method of adverse event data collection | Number excluded/total sample | Categories of adverse events reported | Specific adverse events (N of individuals) | All important serious adverse events reported and defined | Numerical data reported by group? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reason | ||||||||
| Dyson-Hudson et al. 13 | ACE | Yes. Overuse injuries related to training that cause shoulder pain | Systematic survey using WUSPI | 0/14 | MSK | None | Unknown | Yes |
| El-Sayed and Younesian14; El-Sayed et al.15 | ACE | No | Prospective monitoring | 0/5 | All | None | Yes | Yes |
| McLean and Skinner16 | ACE | No | Not reported | 1/15 | All | AD (1) | Unknown | Yes |
| Fracture of metacarpal, unknown if related to training | metacarpal fracture (1) | |||||||
| Note: same person | ||||||||
| Le Foll-de Moro et al.17 | WCE (interval training) | No | Not reported | 0/6 | All | None | Unknown | Not applicable |
| Bougenot et al.18 | WCE (interval training) | No | Not reported | 0/7 | All | None | Unknown | Not applicable |
| Tordi et al.19 | WCE (interval training) | No | Not reported | 0/5 | All | None | Unknown | Not applicable |
| Bjerkefors and Thorstensson20 | Kayak ergometry | No | Not reported | 0/10 | MSK | None | Reported “no other problems” not defined | Not applicable |
| Valent et al.21 | Hand cycle training | Yes. Pain in the arms or shoulders | Questionnaire | 7/22 | MSK | Upper extremity pain (3) | Yes | Not applicable |
| Various non-training related health complications (6), transportation (1) | ||||||||
| Valent et al.22 | Hand cycle training | No | Diary | 0/17 | MSK | Transient muscle soreness (number not provided) | Yes | Yes |
| Mukherjee et al.23 | Arm-propelled three wheeled chair | Yes. Notable MSK, CV or respiratory complications, or any other adverse experience | Implies prospective monitoring, but not explicitly reported | 0/12 | All | None | Reported “none”, not defined | Not applicable |
| Tawashy et al.24 | Circuit training (aerobic) | No | Prospective monitoring | 0/1 | All | None | Yes | Not applicable |
| Duran et al.25 | Circuit training (aerobic) | No | Prospective monitoring | 0/13 | All | MSK pain (2) | Reported “none”, not defined | Not applicable |
| Transient sinus bradycardia during ACE exercise test, reverted spontaneously (1) | ||||||||
| Nash et al.26 | Circuit training (resistance and aerobic) | No | Not reported | 0/7 | Injuries | None | Unknown | Not applicable |
| Jacobs et al.27 | Circuit training (resistance) | No | Not reported | 0/10 | “Mishaps” | None | Yes | Not applicable |
| “Medical” complications | ||||||||
| Cooney et al.28 | Hydraulic resistance Training (timed sets of resistance exercises w/ brief rest periods) | No | Prospective monitoring | 0/10 | All | None | Unknown | Not applicable |
| Forrest et al.29 | BWSTT | No | Prospective monitoring | 0/1 | All | 7 episodes of AD (1) | Yes | Not applicable |
| Ditor et al.30 | BWSTT | No | Prospective monitoring assumed due to 3 trainers in constant attendance, but not explicitly reported | 0/8 | All | None | Yes | Not applicable |
| Ditor et al.31 | BWSTT | No | Prospective monitoring assumed due to 3 trainers in constant attendance, but not explicitly reported | 4/10 | All | Syncope (1) | Yes | Not applicable |
| Personal reasons (3) | Stage 1 Pressure ulcer (1) | |||||||
| Health issues unrelated to training (1) | ||||||||
| Protas et al.32 | BWSTT | Yes. Safety of the training measured by monitoring BP & HR, examination for skin irritation or joint swelling and asking about pain. | Prospective/routine monitoring | 0/3 | All | Knee pain (1) | Yes | Not applicable |
ACE, arm cycle ergometry; AD, autonomic dysreflexia; BP, blood pressure; BWSTT, body weight supported treadmill training; CV, cardiovascular; HR, heart rate; M, mean; MSK, musculoskeletal; WCE, wheelchair ergometry; WUSPI, wheelchair users shoulder pain index.