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. 2014 Nov 14;5:440. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00440

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Copyright © 2014 Liu, Lin, Lu, Peng, Lee and Kou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) attenuates the increase in NADPH oxidase activity induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to medium alone or to 3% CSE for 15 min with EPA (5 μM) or its vehicle. NADPH oxidase activity was measured by NADP⁺/NADPH assay. Data in each group are mean ± s.e.m. from five independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05 vs. control (vehicle without CSE stimulation). ^#p < 0.05 vs. CSE without EPA pretreatment.