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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) attenuates the activation of ERK, JNK and NF-κB signaling by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to medium alone or 3% CSE for 6 (A,B) or 12 h (C) with pretreatment with EPA (5 μM) or its vehicle. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. *p < 0.05 vs. control (vehicle without CSE stimulation). #p < 0.05 vs. CSE without EPA pretreatment.
