TABLE 3.
ORs (95% CIs) of healthy aging, according to quintiles of flavonoid intakes at midlife1
| Flavonoid intake |
||||||
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-trend | |
| Flavonols, mg/d | 7.7 (6.2–8.8)2 | 11.6 (10.7–12.5) | 15.4 (14.4–16.7) | 21.7 (19.7–24.1) | 35.9 (31.2–43.2) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 243 | 272 | 267 | 308 | 311 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.13 (0.95, 1.36) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.34) | 1.32 (1.10, 1.57) | 1.35 (1.13, 1.61) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.36) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 0.02 |
| Flavones, mg/d | 0.9 (0.6–1.0) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 2.1 (2.0–2.3) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 3.7 (3.4–4.4) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 242 | 287 | 300 | 325 | 363 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) | 1.30 (1.09, 1.55) | 1.41 (1.18, 1.68) | 1.61 (1.36, 1.91) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.38) | 1.19 (0.99, 1.44) | 1.32 (1.10, 1.58) | 0.002 |
| Flavanones, mg/d | 9.0 (5.0–13.4) | 26.8 (22.5–31.0) | 43.1 (39.2–46.9) | 60.0 (55.4–64.9) | 89.8 (78.3–108.2) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 260 | 276 | 310 | 298 | 373 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.07 (0.90, 1.28) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.46) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 1.53 (1.29, 1.81) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.33) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 1.28 (1.08, 1.53) | 0.003 |
| Flavan-3-ol monomers, mg/d | 9.2 (6.9–11.3) | 16.6 (14.7–18.7) | 27.7 (24.0–32.8) | 54.5 (46.0–64.3) | 128.2 (96.6–178.0) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 255 | 326 | 319 | 305 | 312 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.32 (1.11, 1.57) | 1.30 (1.09, 1.55) | 1.23 (1.03, 1.47) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.50) | 0.33 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 0.80 |
| Flavan-3-ol polymers, mg/d | 55 (41–67) | 100 (89–112) | 152 (138–169) | 238 (211–271) | 478 (377–641) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 251 | 307 | 319 | 315 | 325 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.27 (1.06, 1.51) | 1.32 (1.11, 1.57) | 1.30 (1.09, 1.55) | 1.35 (1.13, 1.60) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.27) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | 0.63 |
| Anthocyanins, mg/d | 2.8 (1.8–3.6) | 5.6 (4.9–6.4) | 9.4 (8.3–10.6) | 14.5 (13.1–16.0) | 24.2 (20.4–32.1) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 242 | 262 | 289 | 342 | 382 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.10 (0.91, 1.32) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.47) | 1.47 (1.24, 1.75) | 1.69 (1.43, 2.01) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.42) | 1.25 (1.04, 1.50) | 0.002 |
| Total flavonoids, mg/d | 124 (99–144) | 194 (178–211) | 269 (248–291) | 383 (348–428) | 705 (568–918) | — |
| Healthy ager, n | 221 | 281 | 291 | 299 | 309 | — |
| Age adjusted | Reference | 1.32 (1.09, 1.59) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.66) | 1.42 (1.18, 1.71) | 1.47 (1.22, 1.76) | 0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted3 | Reference | 1.14 (0.94, 1.38) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.35) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.36) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.42) | 0.22 |
ORs >1 denote greater odds of healthy aging. These analyses included 1517 healthy agers compared with 12,301 usual agers for all flavonoid subclasses except flavonols and total flavonoids, for which analyses included 1401 healthy agers and 11,036 usual agers (e.g., women with flavonols ascertained in 1990).
Median; IQR in parentheses (all such values).
Logistic regression models were adjusted for age (y); education (associate's degree, bachelor's degree, graduate degree); marriage status (married, widowed, or separated/divorced); median income (quintiles); median house value (quintiles); family histories of diabetes, cancer, and myocardial infarction (yes or no); physical activity (quintiles of metabolic equivalent task-hours); energy intake (quintiles of kcal); smoking (never smoker, past smoker of 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d, or current smoker of 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d); multivitamin use (yes or no); aspirin use (<1, 1–2, or >2 tablets/wk); BMI (in kg/m2; <22, 23–24, 25–29, or ≥30); history of high blood pressure (yes or no); history of hypercholesterolemia (yes or no); and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 score (quintiles).