TABLE 4.
ORs (95% CIs) of each component of healthy aging according to quintiles of flavonoid intakes at midlife1
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-trend | |
| Flavonols | ||||||
| Healthy aging component: | ||||||
| No chronic disease | Reference | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.27) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.26) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.75 |
| No cognitive impairment (TICS score ≥31) | Reference | 0.85 (0.70, 1.02) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.82 |
| No impairment of physical function | Reference | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.23) | 0.10 |
| No limitation of mental health (MHI score <84) | Reference | 1.00 (0.90, 1.13) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.19) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.23) | 0.04 |
| Flavones | ||||||
| No chronic disease | Reference | 1.02 (0.90, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 0.17 |
| No cognitive impairment (TICS score ≥31) | Reference | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.24) | 1.15 (0.96, 1.38) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.63 |
| No impairment of physical function | Reference | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.27) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) | 0.004 |
| No limitation of mental health (MHI score <84) | Reference | 1.08 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.31) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.35) | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) | <0.001 |
| Flavanones | ||||||
| No chronic disease | Reference | 1.07 (0.96, 1.21) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.24) | 0.20 |
| No cognitive impairment (TICS score ≥31) | Reference | 1.24 (1.04, 1.48) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.36) | 1.28 (1.07, 1.53) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) | 0.61 |
| No impairment of physical function | Reference | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.11) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 0.005 |
| No limitation of mental health (MHI score <84) | Reference | 1.09 (0.98, 1.22) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28) | 1.24 (1.11, 1.38) | <0.001 |
| Anthocyanins | ||||||
| No chronic disease | Reference | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 0.36 |
| No cognitive impairment (TICS score ≥31) | Reference | 1.02 (0.85, 1.21) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 0.74 |
| No impairment of physical function | Reference | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.14 (1.00, 1.30) | 0.009 |
| No limitation of mental health (MHI score <84) | Reference | 1.03 (0.92, 1.14) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 0.12 |
ORs >1 denote greater odds of the healthy aging component. For flavones, flavanones, and anthocyanins (all ascertained in 1984–1986), analyses included comparison of 9565 women with no chronic disease and 4253 women with at least one chronic disease; 12,403 women with an absence of cognitive impairment and 1415 women with presence of cognitive impairment; 3750 women with unimpaired physical function and 10,068 women with impaired physical function; and 5947 women with no limitation and 7871 women with a limitation of mental health. For flavonols (ascertained in 1990), analyses included comparison of 8634 women with no chronic disease and 3807 women with at least one chronic disease; 11,195 women with an absence of cognitive impairment and 1246 women with a presence of cognitive impairment; 3418 women with unimpaired physical function and 9023 women with impaired physical function; and 5403 women with no limitation and 7038 women with a limitation of mental health. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age (y); education (associate's degree, bachelor's degree, graduate degree); marriage status (married, widowed, or separated/divorced); median income (quintiles); median house value (quintiles); family histories of diabetes, cancer, and myocardial infarction (yes or no); physical activity (quintiles of metabolic equivalent task-hours); energy intake (quintiles of kcal); smoking (never smoker, past smoker of 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d, or current smoker of 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d); multivitamin use (yes or no); aspirin use (<1, 1–2, or >2 tablets/wk); BMI (in kg/m2; <22, 23–24, 25–29, or ≥30); history of high blood pressure (yes or no); history of hypercholesterolemia (yes or no); and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 score (quintiles). MHI, Mental Health Index; TICS, Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.