TABLE 2.
Regression analysis assessing the contribution of total dairy intake from the food-frequency questionnaire to serum concentrations of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans 16:1n−7) in 659 adults in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study1
Dependent variable | n | β ± SEM | P value |
15:0 | |||
Model 12 | 659 | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | 0.001 |
Model 23 | 646 | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | 0.002 |
Model 34 | 646 | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | 0.0002 |
Model 45 | 645 | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | 0.0001 |
trans 16:1n−7 | |||
Model 12 | 659 | −0.002 ± 0.0008 | 0.021 |
Model 23 | 646 | −0.002 ± 0.0009 | 0.07 |
Model 34 | 646 | −0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.004 |
Model 45 | 645 | −0.003 ± 0.0009 | 0.004 |
Total dairy intake was defined as sum of whole milk; 2% milk; skim milk, 1%, or buttermilk; cottage and ricotta cheese; cheese; flavored yogurt (2%, nonfat, or whole); low-fat flavored yogurt (2% or nonfat); ice cream; frozen yogurt, ice milk; milk in coffee or tea; and cream or half-and-half in coffee or tea.
Model 1: total dairy intake adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity.
Model 2: additionally adjusted for physical activity and total energy intake.
Model 3: additionally adjusted for total hydrogenated food intake.
Model 4: additionally adjusted for BMI.