TABLE 1.
Baseline anthropometric data for Zambian children (n = 140) enrolled in a bioefficacy trial investigating biofortified orange maize by randomized treatment groups1
| VA− (n = 47) | Orange (n = 46) | VA+ (n = 47) | P value2 | |
| Age,3 mo | 69.0 (65.2, 72.8)4 | 69.0 (66.5, 71.5) | 71.0 (67.7, 74.3) | 0.99 |
| Weight,3 kg | 17.1 (15.9, 18.3) | 17.4 (16.4, 18.3) | 16.8 (16.3, 17.3) | 0.89 |
| Height, cm | 107.3 ± 6.35 | 108.1 ± 5.3 | 107.4 ± 4.7 | 0.75 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 114 ± 13 | 117 ± 12 | 118 ± 9 | 0.23 |
| Sex, % male | 51.1 | 47.8 | 61.7 | 0.67 |
| Malaria, % | 17.0 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 0.35 |
| BMI,3 kg/m2 | 14.9 (14.6, 15.2) | 14.7 (14.5, 14.9) | 14.6 (14.4, 14.8) | 0.34 |
| Height-for-age z score | −1.53 ± 1.18 | −1.40 ± 0.91 | −1.53 ± 0.88 | 0.76 |
| Weight-for-age z score | −1.18 ± 0.93 | −1.17 ± 0.79 | −1.31 ± 0.81 | 0.64 |
| BMI-for-age z score3 | −0.33 (−0.57, −0.09) | −0.48 (−0.67, −0.29) | −0.52 (−0.69, −0.35) | 0.33 |
Baseline data were taken during recruitment day, which included the baseline blood draw 1 for 13C-natural abundance. The VA– group received white maize with placebo oil, the orange group received orange maize with placebo oil, and the VA+ group received white maize with VA in oil (400 μg retinol activity equivalents/d in 214 μL). VA, vitamin A.
P values were determined by testing the null hypothesis that each variable is equal among treatment groups by using ANOVA or χ2 test.
Indicates nonnormally distributed residuals; P value reflects nonparametric analysis.
Median; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values).
Mean ± SD (all such values).