TABLE 1.
Characteristics of infants and their mothers in the Kesho Bora RCT by study site1
| Variables and modalities | Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso (n = 225) | Mombasa, Kenya (n = 219) | Nairobi, Kenya (n = 41) | Durban, South Africa (n = 177) | Rural KwaZulu, South Africa (n = 89) | P-differences across sites | All sites (n = 751) |
| Maternal education | <0.001 | ||||||
| None | 92 (40.9) | 12 (5.6) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (4.5) | 111 (14.8) | |
| Primary | 75 (33.3) | 111 (50.7) | 23 (56.1) | 29 (16.4) | 17 (19.1) | 255 (34.0) | |
| Secondary | 58 (25.8) | 96 (43.8) | 16 (39.0) | 147 (83.0) | 68 (76.4) | 385 (51.3) | |
| Maternal occupation | <0.05 | ||||||
| Yes | 71 (31.6) | 74 (33.8) | 6 (14.7) | 61 (34.5) | 19 (21.4) | 231 (30.8) | |
| No | 154 (68.4) | 145 (66.2) | 35 (85.4) | 116 (65.5) | 70 (78.7) | 520 (69.2) | |
| Piped water | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 64 (28.5) | 118 (53.9) | 17 (41.5) | 132 (74.6) | 66 (74.2) | 397 (52.9) | |
| No | 161 (71.6) | 101 (46.1) | 24 (58.5) | 45 (25.4) | 23 (25.8) | 354 (47.1) | |
| Flush toilet | <0.001 | 20 (22.5) | |||||
| Yes | 7 (3.1) | 55 (25.1) | 15 (36.6) | 139 (78.5) | 236 (31.4) | ||
| No | 218 (96.9) | 164 (74.9) | 26 (63.4) | 38 (21.5) | 69 (77.5) | 515 (68.6) | |
| Electricity | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 133 (60.2) | 122 (56.7) | 20 (48.8) | 151 (87.8) | 69 (80.2) | 505 (67.2) | |
| No | 88 (39.8) | 93 (43.3) | 21 (51.2) | 21 (12.2) | 17 (19.8) | 246 (32.8) | |
| Refrigerator | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 30 (13.3) | 27 (12.3) | 1 (2.4) | 109 (61.6) | 66 (74.2) | 233 (31.0) | |
| No | 195 (86.7) | 192 (87.7) | 40 (97.6) | 68 (38.4) | 23 (25.8) | 518 (69.0) | |
| Mode of delivery | <0.001 | ||||||
| CS, elective | 1 (0.4) | 9 (4.1) | 2 (4.9) | 13 (7.3) | 5 (5.6) | 30 (4.0) | |
| CS, emergency | 6 (2.7) | 7 (3.2) | 10 (24.4) | 27 (15.3) | 9 (10.1) | 59 (7.9) | |
| Vaginal | 218 (96.9) | 203 (92.7) | 29 (70.7) | 137 (77.4) | 75 (84.3) | 662 (88.1) | |
| Birth weight (g) | <0.001* | ||||||
| <2500 | 35 (15.6) | 8 (3.7) | 5 (7.6) | 12 (6.8) | 4 (4.5) | 64 (8.5) | |
| ≥2500 | 179 (79.5) | 191 (87.2) | 34 (82.9) | 164 (92.7) | 83 (93.3) | 651 (86.7) | |
| Missing | 11 (4.9) | 20 (9.1) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (2.3) | 36 (4.8) | |
| CD4 at delivery (/mm3) | <0.001* | ||||||
| <350 | 47 (20.9) | 32 (14.6) | 17 (41.5) | 51 (28.8) | 23 (25.8) | 170 (22.6) | |
| 350–500 | 74 (32.9) | 78 (35.6) | 12 (29.3) | 77 (43.5) | 34 (38.2) | 275 (36.6) | |
| >500 | 84 (37.3) | 93 (42.5) | 8 (19.5) | 46 (26.0) | 26 (29.2) | 257 (34.2) | |
| Missing | 20 (8.9) | 16 (7.3) | 4 (9.8) | 3 (1.7) | 6 (6.7) | 49 (6.5) | |
| Ever breastfeeding | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 210 (93.3) | 171 (78.1) | 31 (75.6) | 101 (57.1) | 72 (80.9) | 585 (77.9) | |
| No | 15 (6.7) | 48 (21.9) | 10 (24.4) | 76 (42.9) | 17 (19.1) | 166 (22.1) |
1
Values are n (%). *Chi-square test was performed without missing values. CS, cesarean delivery; RCT, randomized controlled trial.