TABLE 4.
Risk factors of SIEs in HIV-exposed, uninfected African infants in the Kesho Bora RCT by using generalized linear mixed models1
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||||
| 0–2.9 mo of age |
3–6 mo of age |
0–2.9 mo of age |
3–6 mo of age |
|||||
| Values | P | Values | P | Values | P | Values | P | |
| Breastfeeding status | ||||||||
| Not breastfeeding | 6.0 (2.2, 16.4) | 0.001 | 4.3 (1.2, 15.3) | 0.024 | — | — | — | — |
| Breastfeeding | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Feeding mode | ||||||||
| Non-EBF | — | — | — | — | 1.3 (0.3, 7.2) | >0.20 | 0.4 (0.1, 4.9) | >0.20 |
| Weaned | — | — | — | — | 4.3 (0.97, 19.2) | 0.056 | 3.8 (0.8, 18.2) | 0.092 |
| Never breastfeeding | — | — | — | — | 8.8 (2.3, 33.8) | 0.001 | 1.6 (0.3, 9.0) | >0.20 |
| EBF | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| None | 1.2 (0.2, 6.9) | >0.20 | 1.4 (0.2, 7.8) | >0.20 | 1.3 (0.2, 7.3) | >0.20 | 1.3 (0.2, 7.7) | >0.20 |
| Primary | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2) | >0.20 | 2.9 (1.1, 7.6) | 0.028 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.3) | >0.20 | 2.8 (1.1, 7.3) | 0.037 |
| Secondary | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| Economic level | ||||||||
| First tertile | 3.6 (1.1, 11.8) | 0.03 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.5) | >0.20 | 3.6 (1.1, 11.5) | 0.031 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.3) | >0.20 |
| Second tertile | 2.1 (0.6, 7.0) | >0.20 | 1.8 (0.7, 4.7) | >0.20 | 2.0 (0.6, 7.1) | >0.20 | 1.7 (0.6, 4.5) | >0.20 |
| Third tertile | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
All values are ORs; 95% CIs in parentheses. SIEs comprised all diarrheal and lower respiratory tract infection episodes; events during the early neonatal period (from 0 to 7 d of age) were not included. Model 1 included breastfeeding mode as a binary variable, and model 2 included infant feeding mode as a 4-modality variable. Non-EBF comprised predominant and partial breastfeeding because of an insufficient number of events in some subgroups. Breastfeeding mode was a time-dependent variable defined for monthly intervals and since birth on the basis of all visit reports up to the end of the time interval. Both models were adjusted for study site and age group. EBF, exclusive breastfeeding; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SIE, serious infectious event.