TABLE 3—

Mean 30-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk, by Gender and Race/Ethnicity: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, United States, 2008–2009

	Hard CVDa				General CVDb
Race/Ethnicity	Mean (95% CI)c	P	Mean (95% CI)d	P	Mean (95% CI)c	P	Mean (95% CI)d	P
Women (n = 7572)
White (Ref)	4.3 (4.1, 4.5)		4.4 (4.3, 4.6)		8.9 (8.5, 9.2)		9.2 (8.9, 9.4)
Black	5.2 (4.9, 5.5)	< .01	4.7 (4.4, 5.0)	.1	10.5 (10.0, 10.9)	< .01	9.6 (9.1, 10.0)	.15
American Indian	7.2 (4.2, 10.3)	.05	6.7 (4.0, 9.4)	.1	13.4 (9.3, 17.6)	.03	12.5 (8.9, 16.2)	.08
Asian/Pacific Islander	3.3 (2.7, 3.8)	< .01	3.7 (3.1, 4.2)	< .01	7.1 (6.1, 8.0)	< .01	7.7 (6.8, 8.6)	< .01
Hispanic	4.0 (3.6, 4.3)	.17	3.7 (3.3, 4.1)	< .01	8.3 (7.8, 8.9)	.09	7.9 (7.3, 8.5)	< .01
Men (n = 6761)
White (Ref)	10.1 (9.8, 10.5)		10.3 (10.1, 10.6)		17.1 (16.7, 17.6)		17.4 (17.0, 17.8)
Black	11.6 (10.9, 12.3)	< .01	11.0 (10.3, 11.7)	.08	18.6 (17.8, 19.4)	< .01	17.7 (16.9, 18.5)	.53
American Indian	15.4 (10.8, 19.9)	.03	14.4 (10.1, 18.6)	.08	23.5 (18.4, 28.9)	.02	22.3 (17.6, 26.9)	.04
Asian/Pacific Islander	9.2 (7.8, 10.7)	.23	10.0 (8.6, 11.3)	.57	15.7 (13.7, 17.7)	.15	16.7 (14.9, 18.5)	.41
Hispanic	10.7 (9.8, 11.6)	.27	10.3 (9.4, 11.2)	.88	17.6 (16.5, 18.7)	.43	17.1 (15.9, 18.2)	.56

Note. CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease. The sample size was n = 14 333.

^aDefined as coronary death, myocardial infarction, and fatal and nonfatal stroke.

^bDefined as coronary death, myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, angina pectoris, stroke, transient ischemic attack, intermittent claudication, and congestive heart failure.

^cAdjusted for age.

^dAdjusted for age and socioeconomic status (socioeconomic status indicators include education, financial stress, income, and early life measures of parental education, parental ability to pay bills, and block group poverty).