TABLE 2—
Weighted Mean Daily Sodium Intake by Gender and Demographic Characteristics: Heart Follow-Up Study, New York City, 2010
| Characteristic | Men, Unadjusted Sodium Intake (mg/d),a Weighted Mean (SE) | Women, Unadjusted Sodium Intake (mg/d),a Weighted Mean (SE) | Total Sample, Unadjusted Sodium Intake (mg/d),a Weighted Mean (SE) | Total Sample, Adjusted Sodium Intake (mg/d),ab Weighted Mean (SE) |
| Total sample | 3583 (98) | 2944 (74) | 3239 (98) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| 18–24 | 4069 (281) | 2849c (223) | 3445 (193) | 3718 (182) |
| 25–44 | 3484 (166) | 3026 (133) | 3248 (107) | 3241 (103) |
| 45–64 | 3821 (154) | 3169 (109) | 3467 (92) | 3305 (89) |
| ≥ 65 | 2906* (139) | 2459*** (117) | 2630*** (91) | 2757** (105) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White (Ref) | 3306 (122) | 2785 (132) | 3066 (89) | 2949 (94) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4191*** (214) | 2909 (141) | 3477* (139) | 3541 (116) |
| Hispanic | 3889* (238) | 3142 (125) | 3395* (123) | 3490* (110) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 3182c (318) | 2953c (323) | 3068 (225) | 3365 (227) |
| Other | 3043c (193) | 2944c (287) | 2992c (175) | 3039 (198) |
| Poverty status, % | ||||
| < 200 | 3710 (167) | 3032 (100) | 3306 (93) | 3275 (88) |
| 200–399 | 3807 (221) | 2914 (145) | 3350 (140) | 3370 (126) |
| ≥ 400 (Ref) | 3452 (150) | 2854 (165) | 3200 (110) | 3208 (109) |
| Country of birth | ||||
| United States (Ref) | 3562 (120) | 2993 (112) | 3299 (83) | 3330 (80) |
| Not United States | 3619 (165) | 2906 (98) | 3176 (90) | 3160 (77) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 4138c (1131) | 2603c (458) | 3130c (524) | 3292 (569) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9; Ref) | 3444 (162) | 2698 (128) | 3040 (104) | 3105 (94) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 3387 (143) | 2820 (124) | 3114 (96) | 3125 (97) |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 3988* (200) | 3342*** (133) | 3609*** (116) | 3549*** (107) |
| Diet quality | ||||
| Excellent (Ref) | 3236 (203) | 2378 (146) | 2779 (131) | 2758 (159) |
| Very good | 3377 (182) | 2877* (165) | 3132 (124) | 3268* (109) |
| Good | 3761 (178) | 2985*** (137) | 3345*** (114) | 3381*** (93) |
| Fair | 3686 (207) | 3116*** (140) | 3368*** (121) | 3233* (120) |
| Poor | 4200c (472) | 3563*** (206) | 3802*** (219) | 3599*** (202) |
| Smoker | ||||
| Never (Ref) | 3442 (128) | 2941 (93) | 3149 (76) | 3179 (75) |
| Current | 4009* (224) | 3022 (183) | 3496* (153) | 3397 (135) |
| Former | 3592 (194) | 2888 (164) | 3287 (133) | 3330 (111) |
| Personal history of CVD | ||||
| Yes | 3740 (206) | 2822 (108) | 3165 (106) | 3214 (117) |
| No (Ref) | 3531 (111) | 3013 (97) | 3273 (75) | 3268 (64) |
| Physically active in past 30 d | ||||
| Yes (Ref) | 3491 (114) | 2865 (85) | 3152* (70) | 3181 (60) |
| No | 3841 (181) | 3177 (148) | 3491 (120) | 3450* (113) |
| Heavy drinker | ||||
| Yes (Ref) | 4291c (393) | 3320c (431) | 3772 (305) | 3633 (264) |
| No | 3547 (101) | 2916 (73) | 3205 (62) | 3228 (56) |
Note. BMI = body mass index; CVD = cardiovascular disease.
a
Normalized to 24-hour collection time.
b
Adjusted for all other covariates listed in the table, gender, potassium, race × gender interaction in linear regression with sodium as the dependent variable. For race × gender interaction. P = .02.
c
Estimate’s relative SE (a measure of estimate precision) was > 30% or the sample size was < 50, making the estimate potentially unreliable.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.