TABLE 2—
Adjusted Beverage Purchase Outcomes Comparing the Types of Caloric Information Provided at Baseline: Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption by Providing Caloric Information; Baltimore, MD; 2012–2013
| Outcome |
|||
| Variable | Total Calories, kcal (95% CI) | Purchased Any SSB, % (95% CI) | SSB > 16 oz, % (95% CI) |
| Sample: all purchases (n = 4516) | |||
| Baseline | 149 (134.1, 164.1) | 71 (62.8, 79.7) | 39 (28.2, 49.4) |
| Any information | 121a (117.8, 124.9) | 59a (57.0, 61.2) | 25a (22.3, 26.7) |
| Type of information | |||
| Absolute calories | 121 (109.5, 133.0) | 58a (52.1, 63.2) | 24 (16.6, 31.2) |
| Teaspoons of sugar | 123 (112.7, 132.4) | 60 (55.3, 65.1) | 25 (19.5, 31.0) |
| Minutes of running | 123 (108.6, 138.1) | 59 (50.6, 66.4) | 25 (19.8, 30.8) |
| Miles of walking | 115a (107.5, 122.8) | 57a (53.8, 60.2) | 24a (21.6, 26.4) |
| Postintervention | 127a (116.4, 136.7) | 65 (59.2, 70.7) | 23a (15.9, 31.0) |
| Sample: all beverage purchases (n = 3098) | |||
| Baseline | 203 (195.8, 210.2) | 98 (94.3, 1.01) | 54 (42.7, 64.8) |
| Any information | 184a (178.0, 187.5) | 89 (88.1, 90.8) | 37a (33.8, 39.5) |
| Type of information | |||
| Absolute calories | 189 (178.3, 199.4) | 90a (88.2, 91.6) | 37 (27.4, 47.1) |
| Teaspoons of sugar | 182 (171.1, 192.5) | 89 (84.8, 93.7) | 37a (29.3, 44.0) |
| Minutes of running | 186 (175.8, 196.2) | 88a (83.9, 92.7) | 38a (31.8, 43.3) |
| Miles of walking | 179a (171.9, 187.3) | 89a (87.0, 92.0) | 37a (33.1, 40.6) |
| Postintervention | 178a (170.5, 185.6) | 91a (88.4, 94.1) | 33a (23.0, 42.1) |
| Sample: all SSB purchases (n = 2794) | |||
| Baseline | 206 (199.2, 212.7) | . . . | 55 (42.6, 66.9) |
| Any information | 196a (194.1, 198.3) | . . . | 34a (30.9, 37.9) |
| Type of information | |||
| Absolute calories | 202 (190.3, 213.5) | . . . | 35 (23.4, 46.3) |
| Teaspoons of sugar | 194 (184.9, 203.2) | . . . | 35a (27.9, 41.6) |
| Minutes of running | 201b (195.0, 206.9) | . . . | 36a (27.8, 44.5) |
| Miles of walking | 190a (185.5, 194.6) | . . . | 35a (31.0, 38.7) |
| Postintervention | 189a (183.8, 194.4) | 28a (14.1, 41.6) | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; SSB = sugar-sweetened beverage. The “Number of Total Calories” estimates were based on a 2-part model to account for the high number of zero values, where (1) a logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of purchasing any calories, and (2) a generalized linear model with a log-link function and a γ distribution of the error term was used to estimate the number of calories among those who purchased a drink with nonzero calories. The predicted probabilities for the “Purchased Any SSB” and “SSB Greater Than 16 oz” models are based on logistic regression models. These estimates are adjusted for gender, store, time of day (before or after 4 pm), and average monthly temperature.
Source. Purchases from 6 corner stores in a low-income, predominantly Black neighborhood of Baltimore, MD.
Significantly different from baseline, P < .05.
Significantly different from miles of walking, P < .05.