Table 4. Comparison of size between the involved and non-involved humeri.

All measures are in mm, except the unit-less ratios (R1/R2, R1/R3, and R2/R3). For each measure, the average is provided with the standard deviation listed directly below in parentheses. R1, R2, and R3 (the primary, secondary, and tertiary radii of the best fit ellipsoid to the humeral head). R1, R2, and R3 were primarily in the medial-lateral direction, anterior-posterior, and inferior-superior direction. The difference was relative to the non-involved side. Thus, the negative difference in size measures indicates that the humerus on the involved side is smaller than on the non-involved side.

	R1	R2	R3	R1/R2	R2/R3	R1/R3	humeral length	Epicondylar width
Involved side	20.8 (3.4)	17.7 (3.2)	15.1 (3.0)	1.18 (0.05)	1.18 (0.12)	1.39 (0.12)	269.8 (41.1)	46.9 (11.0)
Non-involved Side	23.1 (3.5)	19.5 (3.3)	17.9 (3.2)	1.19 (0.04)	1.09 (0.04)	1.30 (0.07)	288.0 (42.0)	54.2 (9.9)
Paired difference between sides	−2.3 (0.7)	−1.9 (1.0)	−2.8 (1.5)	−0.01 (0.05)	0.08 (0.10)	0.09 (0.12)	−18.2 (9.8)	−7.3 (4.7)
Paired t-test	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.335	0.005	0.010	<0.001	<0.001