Table 3.
Gender differences in Smoking Status among Adolescents in the 2 Sudans
| Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever Cigarette User | Current Cigarette User | User of Noncigarette Tobacco Product | Ever Cigarette User | Current Cigarette User | User of Noncigarette Tobacco Product | ||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
| SocioDemographic Variables | |||||||
| Age (Continuous) | 1.10(0.96-1.26) | 1.24(1.03-1.50)** | 1.05(0.88-1.24) | 1.15(0.93-1.42) | 0.75(0.50-1.13) | 1.07(0.85-1.34) | |
| Education (Secondary 2 level) | Primary 8 level | 0.84(0.54-1.32) | 1.25(0.63-2.48) | 1.12(0.59-2.14) | 1.85(0.95-3.60) | 1.36(0.45-4.11) | 1.62(0.77-3.40)** |
| Secondary 1 level | 0.91(0.70-1.19) | 0.91(0.61-1.34) | 0.96(0.65-1.44) | 1.38(0.83-2.30) | 2.34(0.68-7.99) | 0.65(0.34-1.25)** | |
| Pocket money (Continuous) | 1.10(0.97-1.24) | 1.28(1.06-1.54)** | 1.01(0.83-1.23) | 1.16(1.00-1.34)* | 1.34(1.03-1.75)** | 1.18(0.97-1.44)* | |
| Knowledge about secondhand smoke (SHS) | |||||||
| SHS is Harmful | 0.54(0.31-0.94)** | 0.58(0.24-1.39) | 0.68(0.37-1.26) | 0.49(0.25-0.97)** | 0.58(0.21-1.64) | 0.51(0.25-1.03)* | |
| Tobacco-use behavior of familial relations | |||||||
| Live in home with one or more smoking persons | 1.95(1.41-2.69)*** | 1.76(1.06-2.93)** | 1.20(0.78-1.84) | 1.32(0.77-2.27) | 1.24(0.43-3.58) | 1.20(0.64-2.25) | |
| Around others who smoke outside home | 1.89(1.38-2.6)*** | 3.16(1.58-6.31)*** | 0.87(0.57-1.34) | 2.71(1.68-4.36)*** | 3.07(0.85-11.04)* | 1.27(0.73-2.22) | |
| Have one or more parents who smoke | 1.34(0.92-1.95) | 1.26(0.70-2.28) | 1.52(0.94-2.48)* | 2.08(1.21-3.58)*** | 0.73(0.24-2.26) | 0.86(0.39-1.87) | |
| Have most or all friends who smoke | 1.55(1.17-2.04)*** | 2.19(1.37-3.49)*** | 1.36(0.90-2.07) | 1.53(1.01-2.30)** | 4.49(1.65-12.19)*** | 0.63(0.37-1.08)* | |
| Media and Advertising | |||||||
| Seen cigarette billboard in past 30 days | 1.25(0.91-1.71) | 0.89(0.53-1.51) | 1.69(1.05-2.74)** | 1.21(0.76-1.93) | 1.66(0.56-4.98) | 0.82(0.44-1.54) | |
| Seen cigarette ad in newspaper or magazine in the past 30 days | 0.98(0.71-1.37) | 1.35(0.82-2.21) | 0.90(0.56-1.43) | 0.86(0.53-1.38) | 1.18(0.43-3.25) | 1.13(0.59-2.14) | |
| Tobacco industry promotion | |||||||
| Owned object with cigarette brand logo | 1.59(1.14-2.20)*** | 1.88(1.12-3.16)** | 1.84(1.16-2.93)** | 1.10(0.65-1.83) | 1.30(0.36-4.68) | 1.93(1.11-3.36)** | |
| Offered free cigarette by tobacco company representative | 1.45(0.88-2.37) | 2.32(1.18-4.57)** | 4.57(2.66-7.83)*** | 2.02(1.08-3.77)** | 4.92(1.70-14.23)*** | 4.60(2.44-8.68)*** | |
| School curriculum | |||||||
| Taught about dangers of smoking in past year | 0.97(0.69-1.35) | 0.70(0.39-1.24) | 1.18(0.77-1.83) | 1.22(0.70-2.12) | 1.84(0.50-6.76) | 1.06(0.59-1.90) | |
| Discussed why people at young age should not smoke | 1.05(0.70-1.57) | 0.84(0.43-1.63) | 0.99(0.57-1.72) | 0.74(0.40-1.37) | 0.99(0.28-3.46) | 0.89(0.44-1.79) | |
| Taught about effects of smoking | 0.94(0.64-1.37) | 1.09(0.60-1.97) | 1.04(0.63-1.71) | 0.66(0.36-1.19) | 0.38(0.09-1.58) | 1.49(0.75-2.95) | |
| Attitude toward smoking ban | |||||||
| Support ban | 1.02(0.65-1.61) | 0.53(0.29-0.97)** | 1.63(0.88-3.02) | 0.50(0.30-0.83)*** | 0.19(0.07-0.53)*** | 1.53(0.75-3.11) | |