Figure 1. Proinflammatory cytokines and a chemokine are produced with specific kinetics post-primary infection with C. jejuni.

We analyzed CD4⁺ T cells for the production of IFNγ⁺, TNFα⁺, IL-2⁺, and MIP-1β⁺ for eight subjects challenged with C. jejuni at multiple timepoints pre- and post-primary infection. Responses shown are the percentage of cytokine positive CD4⁺ T cells from CAg-stimulated PBMCs with the background percentage of cytokine-positive T cells in the negative control (PBS) subtracted. CD4⁺ T cells producing each cytokine were reported for 3 time-points post-challenge: D7 (blue), D14 (red), and D28 (black). A) CD4⁺IFNγ⁺ T cells; B) CD4⁺TNFα⁺ T cells; C) CD4⁺IL-2⁺ T cells; and D) CD4⁺MIP-1β⁺ T cells. An asterisk denotes a significant difference between a response on a post-challenge day and D0 (yellow): * P<.05 and ** P<.01. Statistics were determined using repeated measures analysis of variance were not available for Subject B after re-infection.